B:4 Bioenergetics Paper 1 Flashcards
What does Photosynthesis Use and Where does it Take place?
- Photosynthesis Uses energy to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
- It Takes Place in the chloroplast.
- chloroplast contain chlorophyll to absorb light.
What type of Chemical Reaction is Photosynthesis?
- Photosynthesis is a Endothermic Reaction.
Write a Definition of Endothermic Reaction?
- An Endothermic Reaction is a reaction where energy is transferred into the surroundings.
What’s The Word Equation for Photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen.
What’s the Balanced Equation For Photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
What’s The Chemical symbol for Carbon,water,glucose and oxygen?
- Carbon:CO₂
- Water:H₂O
- Glucose: C₆H₁₂O₆
- Oxygen:O₂
Name 5 Ways plant Use glucose?
- 1) For Reparations.
- 2) For Making Cells Walls.
- 3) For Making Amino Acids.
- 4) Stored as oils and fast’s
- 5) Stored as Starch.
In 2 Steps How do Plants use Glucose for Respiration?
- 1) They Transfer energy from Glucose.
- 2) This Allows Plants to change the rest of glucose into other useful substances.
How do Plants use glucose to make cell walls?
- Glucose is changed into cellulose for making strong plant cell walls.
How do Plants use glucose to make Make Amino Acids?
- Glucose is Combined with Nitrate ions to make amino acids.
- Nitrate ions are absorbed from the soil and amino acids are used to make protein.
How do Plants use glucose to Store Oils and Fats?
- Glucose is Turned into lipids for Storing In the Seeds.
How do Plants use glucose to Store as Starch ?
- Glucose is Turned into starch and stored in roots,Stems and Leaves.
- Plants can Use this Starch when Photosynthesis Isn’t Happening.
Name 4 Things That Affect The Rate of Photosynthesis?
- 1) Light Intensity.
- 2) Temperature.
- 3) Carbon Dioxide.
- 4) Chlorophyll.
Write a Definition of a Limiting Factor?
- Limiting factor is something that stops photosynthesis from happening any faster.
In 4 steps how is light a Limiting factor and what will happen to the graph?
- 1) First The more light there is the faster photosynthesis will happen.
- 2) This Means that the rate of photosynthesis Depends the amount of light.
- 3) Then After a certain point the Graph will flatten.
- 4) This is because Photosynthesis wont go any faster Even if you increase the light intensity.
Explain why the Light Graph Flattens?
- It Flattens because light is no longer the limiting factor and its temperature or CO₂.
In 3 steps how is CO₂ a Limiting factor and what will happen to the graph?
- 1) The more CO₂ there is the faster photosynthesis happens.
- 2) This means the amount of CO₂ is the limiting factor.
- 3) Then after a certain point Photosynthesis wont go any faster because CO₂ is no longer the limiting factor.
If There is Plenty of Light and (______) then it must be (________________) that’s the limiting factor.
- CO₂ and Temperature
In 2 steps how is Temperature the limiting factor and Why?
- 1) Usually if the temperature is the limiting factor its because it too low.
- 2) This is because enzymes need photosynthesis to work more slowly at low temperatures.
In 2 Steps What happens if the plant gets hot and give a Explanation?
- 1) if the plant gets hot Photosynthesis Won’t Happen at all.
- 2) This is Because the enzymes are damaged is the Temperature is too high.
What Temperatures Will Destroy Enzymes?
Over about 45°C
In 8 Steps Describe the Effect on Light Intensity (PRACTICAL)
- 1) Start by Taking a Boiling Tube and placing it 10 cm away from an LED Light Source.
- 2) Next fill the boiling tube with Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
- 3) Then put a piece of pondweed into the boiling tube with the cut end at the top.
- 4) Next Leave The pondweed for 5 Minutes to acclimate to the conditions of the boiling tube.
- 5) Then Bubbles of Oxygen Should be produced from the cut end of the pondweed.
- 6) Start a stopwatch and count how many bubbles are produced in 1 minute.
- 7) Then Repeat in 2 more times to calculate the mean.
- 8) And do the whole experiment again and move the boiling tube to 20 cm,30 cm and 40cm.
What Would Happen if you Use a Regular Light Bulb?
You would have Put the Boiling tube in a Beaker of Water.
- This is because it absorbs the heat produced by the bulb
Why should you use a LED Light source and Sodium Hydrogen carbonate?
- A LED light source is used as they don’t Release lots of Heat.
- Sodium Hydrogen carbonate solution Releases CO₂ which is needed for photosynthesis.
Write a Definition of Respiration?
Respiration Is the Process of Transferring Energy from glucose which goes in every cell.
What Type of Chemical Reaction is Respiration?
- Respiration is a Exothermic Reaction.
Write a Definition of a Exothermic Reaction?
- a Exothermic Reaction transfers energy to the environment.
Give 3 Examples of how organism use the energy transfer by respiration?
- 1) To build up larger molecules from smaller ones.
- 2) in animals to move around.
- 3) In mammals and birds to keep warm.
Write a Definition of Metabolism?
- Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that happen inside our cell or body.
What our these Chemical Reactions Controlled by?
- Enzymes
What Happens in Reactions Where large molecules are made of small molecules?
- Lots of small glucose molecules are joined together in a reaction to form Starch,Glycogen and Cellulose.
- Lipid molecules are each made from 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 Fatty acids.
- Glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which are made into proteins.
What is Starch,Glycogen and Cellulose?
- Starch - (Is a Storage Molecule in Plant Cells).
- Glycogen - (Is a Storage Molecule in Animal Cells).
- Cellulose - (Is a Component of Plant cell walls).
What Happens in Reactions Where large molecules are Broken Down Into smaller molecules?
- Glucose is Broken Down by Respiration.
- Respiration transfers energy to power all the reactions in the body that makes molecules.
- Excess Protein is Broken down in a reactions to Produce Urea.
Write a Definition of Urea and Excreted?
- Urea is excreted in urine.
- Excreted Means released from the body.
Name the 2 Different Types of Respiration?
- 1) Aerobic Respiration.
- 2) Anaerobic Respiration.
Where does Aerobic Respiration Happen and What is it using and When does it Happen?
- Aerobic Respiration Happens Inside Mitochondria.
- Aerobic Respiration Is Respiration using Oxygen.
- Aerobic Respiration goes on all the time in plants and animals.
What’s the Word Equation For Aerobic Respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water.
Write a Definition of Anaerobic Respiration?
Anaerobic Respiration is the incomplete breakdown of glucose.
When Does Anaerobic Respiration Happen?
- Anaerobic Respiration Happens When you do Hard Exercise and your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your Muscles.
What’s The word Equation for Anaerobic Respiration in Muscle Cells?
Glucose → Lactic Acid
How Much Energy transfer Does Anaerobic Respiration do and explain why?
- Anaerobic Respiration Does Not Transfer as Much Energy as Aerobic Respiration.
- This is because the Oxidation of Glucose is not Complete.
Write a Definition of Oxidation?
- Oxidation is a Reaction where electrons are lost or oxygen is gained by a species.
What can’t Plant And Yeast Cells do without Oxygen?
- Plants and Yeast Cells Can’t Respire Without Oxygen.
What Are Yeasts?
- Yeast are singled Celled Organism.
What’s The Word Equation for Anaerobic Respiration In Plants and Yeast Cells?
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
Write a Definition of Fermentation and What Industry Is Yeast Mainly Used in?
- Fermentation is The Process of Anaerobic Respiration in Yeast Cells.
- Yeast Is Mainly Used in Food and Drinks Industry.
Name 2 Products That are Made In Fermentation?
- 1) Bread - It’s the Carbon Dioxide from fermentation that makes bread rise.
- 2) Alcoholic Drinks (Beer and Wine) - The Fermentation Process produces Alcohol.
Muscles Need (____________) from respiration to (__________________)
- Energy and Contract
What Happens To Your Muscles when you Exercise and Where does the Energy Come From?
- When You Exercise some of Your Muscle contract more often.
- This means you need more energy.
- This Energy comes from increased respiration.
Name 3 Ways to get more oxygen into your cells?
- 1) Breathing Rate Increases.
- 2) Breath Volume Increases.
- 3) Heart Rate Increases.
Write a Definition of Breathing rate,Breath Volume and Heart Rate?
- Breathing Rate is how fast you Breathe.
- Breath Volume is how deep the breaths you take are.
- Heart Rate is How Fast your Heats Beats.
What Will Happen to a Unfits Person’s Heart Rate?
- An Unfit Person Heart Increases a Lot more during Exercise and it takes longer to recover.
What Will happen to your blood if the breathing rate and Breath Volume Increase?
- If The breathing rate and breath volume increase oxygen gets into your blood quicker.
Your Heart Rate (_______________) to get oxygenated blood around the body faster.
Increases
What Happens When You Do Really Hard Exercise?
- When you do really hard exercise Your Body Can’t Supply oxygen to your Muscle Quickly Enough.
- This means your muscles start doing anaerobic Respirations.
What Problems can Hard Exercise cause and What Build up ?
- Latics Acid starts building up in the muscle which can get painful.
- Long periods of exercise can cause muscle fatigue.
Write a Definition of Muscle Fatigue?
- Muscle Fatigue is when muscle get tired and stop contracting efficiently.
In 3 Steps What Can can Anaerobic Respiration Also Cause?
- 1) After anaerobic respiration stops you will have a oxygen debt.
- 2) Your lungs,Heart and blood couldn’t keep up with the demand for oxygen so you have to repay the oxygen that don’t get to your muscle in time.
- 3) This means you have to keep breathing hard for a while after you stop this then transports more oxygen into your blood which is transported to the muscle cells.
Write a Definition of a Oxygen Debt?
- An Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen your body needs after exercise.
