Autonomics Review Flashcards
Parasympathetic NT used is
Acetylcholine
What NT does the sympathetic nervous system use?
ACh, Epi, NE
In the parasymp and symp NS, what are the lengths of the pre and post-g neurons?
- PNS
- pre-g long
- post-g short
- SNS
- pre-g short
- post-g long
Where are sympathetic pre-g neurons in the spinal cord?
interomedial column, between T1 -L3
lateral horn
rexed lamina VII
How do sympathetic neurons exit the spinal cord?
- ventral root to spinal nerve to white ramus communicans
- can synapse on paravertebral ganglion on same level
- can ascend or descend via the sympathetic chain to synapse on paravertebral ganglion on different levels
- can extand to synapse on prevertebral ganglion
What are fibers extending to the prevertebral ganglion referred to as?
splanchnic nerves
The second order neurons of the sympathetic ganglia, if prevertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) what will they do?
extend superiorly as cervical ganglia and inferiorly as sacral ganglia
In the sympathetic ganglia, second order neurons from paravertebral ganglia located along the midline in association with the aorta are named based on adjacent structures. What is one such modified prevertebral ganglia?
adrenal medulla
What are sympathetic post-g basic circuits?
- paravertebral ganglia send post-g through grey ramus communicans, enter spinal nerve, then course through the ventral ramus of the spinal nerve
- preverterbral ganglia send post-g to form intermeshed plexi, typically on surface of organs/structures
Where are parasympathetic pre-g neurons in the spinal cord?
S2-S4 in the lateral horns of intermediolateral columns
Parasympathetic pre-g neurons are in what cranial nuclei?
Edinger-Westphal
Inferior Salivatory
Superior Salivatory
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus
Nucleus Ambiguus
What pathways do parasympathetic pre-g fibers follow?
- sacral spinal cord through associated nerves, exit via ventral rami, forming the pelvic splanchnic nerves
- course with post-g sympathetic axons to form the Inferior Hypogastric Plexus
- pre-g neurons in the CN nuclei course within III, VII, IX, X
What are some parasympathetic ganglions?
ciliary to short ciliary nerves
pterygopalatine to maxillary (V2)
submandibular to mandibular (V3)
otic to auriculotemporal nerve
What are the three main regulatory centers for the autonomic nervous system?
limbic system
HT
reticular formation
How does the Limbic system play a role in the ANS?
- cingulate cortex - SNS and PNS control
- insular cortex - activates via HT
- amygdala - integrates stress and fear responses
What are the most important nuclei in the HT for playing a role in the parasympathetic regulation?
sympathetic?
Anterior and paraventricular regions of the HT -PNS
posterior and mid-anterior regions of the HT - SNS
How does the RF have a role in the ANS?
role in visceral regulation acting via ANS
What are the four main descedning autonomic tracts?
- mammillotegmental tract
- HT to RF
- reticulospinal tract
- RF to motor neurons in spinal cord
- dorsal longitudinal fasciculus (DLF)
- HT to PAG, RF, spinal and brainstem motor neurons
- median forebrain bundle
- limbic system to HT, then descends parallel to DLF
In the sympathetic system, where does visceral pain usually course?
paravertebral ganglia, grey ramus communicans, dorsal root, then synapse on substantia gelatinosa
In the parasympathetic system, where does the visceral pain stimuli course?
either the vagus or substantia gelatinosa of S2-S4 spinal nerves
How does referred pain occur?
visceral pain comes up and synapses in the somatotopically organized substantia gelatinose
