Anatomical Basis of Stroke Flashcards
The basilar artery bifurcates to give rise to ..
Where does this occur?
posterior cerebral artery
interpeduncluar fossa, just caudal to the mammillary bodies
The base of the posterior cerebral arteries give rise to…
which course along the lateral margin of the interpeduncular fossa (lateral to mammillary bodies) to anastomose with what?
posterior communicating artery
internal carotid artery
The rostral surface of the internal carotid artery gives rise to… that courses over…
anterior cerebral artery
the superior surface of the optic nerve
After giving rise to the anterior cerebral artery, the internal carotid continues superiorly as the …
middle cerebral artery
The paired anterior cerebral arteries are connected by a small…
typically near the level of the caudal end of …
anterior communicating artery
the olfactory tract
What is the arterial ring around the ventral surface of the brain at the level of the hypothalamus called?
Circle of Willis
Each half of the ring consists of (from caudal to rostral):
- posterior cerebral artery
- posterior communicating artery
- internal carotid artery
- anterior cerebral artery
- anterior communicating artery
The Circle of Willis is primarily supplied by what artery?
Internal carotid artery
What is the most important branch coming off of the Circle of Willis?
middle cerebral artery
The anterior cerebral artery, after passing over the superior surface of the optic nerve, enters the inferior aspect of the… to course along the surface of the ….
This artery follows an arching course caudally, remaining close to the superior surface of…
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure
Cerebral Hemisphere
Corpus Callosum
What does the anterior cerebral artery perfuse?
- medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
- medial portion of the inferior (orbital) surface of the frontal lobe
- superolateral surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobe (less than 1 inch in breadth)
- perforating branches get the corpus callosum except for the caudal end (splenium)
The Cingulate Sulcus gives rise to two dorsally directed branches; one branch occurs over the body of the corpus callosum, typically remaining on the medial surface of the brain. What is the other branch called, and what direction does it go?
Marginal Sulcus
forms the caudal end of the cingulate sulcus and extends onto the superolateral surface of the brain
Immediately rostral to the marginal sulcus is a relatively small U shaped gyrus called…
Why is this an important landmark?
Paracentral gyrus
- caudal limb of the gyrus is the medial continuation of the somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
- while the rostral limb is the medial continuation of the primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
How does the Central Sulcus anatomically relate to the Paracentral Gyrus?
it rests between the tips of the paracentral gyrus on the superior surface of the brain, but does not continue onto the medial surface
All of the medial surface of the brain superior to the cingulate sulcus and rostral to the paracentral gyrus is the …
superior frontal gyrus
The medial surface of the parietal lobe is represented primarily by a large rectangular field the …
What are its borders?
precuneus
- bordered rostrally by marginal sulcus
- caudally by parieto-occipital sulcus
- inferiorly by cingulate sulcus
What horizontal sulcus is present on the medial surface of the occipital lobe?
calcarine sulcus
The lobe dorsal to the calcarine sulcus is the … while the lobe ventral to the calcarine sulcus is the…
cuneus
lingual gyrus
What are common manifestations of CVAs involving the anterior cerebral artery?
- paralysis and sensory disruption in foot/leg
- urinary incontinence
- gait apraxia
- transcortical motor aphasia
- cognitive impairment
- ideomotor apraxia
What higher-order control centers are located in the paracentral gyrus? What artery supplies this area?
micturition and defecation
anterior cerebral artery
The superior frontal gyrus contains the supplementary motor cortex that is generally in charge of what that could be affected by an anterior cerebral artery stroke?
“normal” gait