Anatomical Basis of Aphasia Flashcards
What are the obscuring layers of the cortex that cover the insula called and what lobes make this up?
operculum
- superior portion of temporal
- caudolateral portion of frontal
- rostral portion of parietal
What is it suggested that the insula functions are?
memory, consciousness, self-awareness, and cognition
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical location?
Function?
- Brodmann’s area: caudal portion of 22
- Wernicke’s Area
- caudal portion of superior temporal gyrus
- function: understanding of writen and spoken language
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 22, 41, 42
- Primary Auditory cortex
- middle portion of superior temporal gyrus
- perception, awareness, localization of sound
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 38
- Emotional Cortex
- temporal pole
- linking perceptrual inputs to visceral emotions
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 20, 21, 37
- Visual Association Cortex
- majority of middle and inferior temporal gyri
- object recognition (meaning) to visual perceptions, visual memory
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 17, 18, 19
- Primary Visual Cortex
- occipital lobe and pole
- perception, awareness, localization, and memory of visual stimuli
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 1, 2, 3, 40
- Somatosensory cortex
- post-central gyrus and supramarginal gyrus
- perception and localization of cutaneous stimuli, somatic assocation (40) includes somatic memory and recognition
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 5, 7, 39
- Visual association and sensory integration cortex
- most of parietal lobe caudal to postcentral gyrus
- includes visual recognition of motion, and the integration of somatosensory, acoustic, and visual information
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 4, 6, 8, 9
- Motor cortex
- precentral gyrus and caudal portions of superior and middle frontal gyri
- all portions of motor activation including planning
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 44, 45
- Brocca’s Area
- middle of the inferior frontal gyrus
- speech production
Brodmann’s area?
Other name?
Physical Location?
Function?
- 10, 11, 46, 47
- Cognitive cortex
- frontal pole and cranial parts of inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri
- effective behavior, cognition, attention, self-control
The olfactory cortex is what Brodmann’s Area? Where is its location?
34
entorhinal cortex
The Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1) is the main termination site for neurons from where?
S1 responds almost exclusively to …
VPL and VPN neurons
somatosensory stimuli
electrical stimulation of S1 produces…
tactile sensation
What are the four parallel zones of the primary somatosensory cortex? What do they receive input from and what do they do?
- 3A - proprioceptive input from muscle afferents
- 3B - tactile input from touch afferents
- 1 - input from 3B, decodes RA signals into texture
- 2 - input from 3A, decodes SA signals into size and shape
Stereognosis is the combination of information from where?
zones 1 and 2 of the primary somatosensory cortex
What are the three main outputs from S1?
- secondary somatosensory cortex (S2)
- somatosensory association center
- motor cortex
What is located in the parietal portion of the operculum?
S2, secondary somatosensory region
Where does S2 project to?
to mainly the insula, corpus striatum, and somatosensory association regions
What is the function of S2?
memory and tactile learning
Where is the somatosensory association center?
Where does it receive information from?
Brodmann’s area 5 and 7
superior parietal lobule
info from S1 and S2 regions
What demarcates the inferior surface of the somatosensory assocation region?
What integration occurs here and what is the result?
intraparietal sulcus
integrates tactile, visual, and auditory input
resulting in directed response toward objects
What is the distinct flow of neuronal activity through S1 to Primary motor?
S1 - S2 - Sensory association - premotor - primary motor
What are the three regions in the brain that are directly associated with aphasia?
Wernickes
Broccas
Arcuate Fasciculus
Damage to what area causes difficulties understanding or generating language (oral, written, or both)?
wernickes
What area is damaged if a pt has difficulty formulating strings of words but is still able to write?
Broca’s area
What courses along the inferior frontal and parietal lobes, connecting Wernickes and Brocas areas?
What does damage to this area present as?
Arcuate Fasciculus
pt can understand written or spoken words and can speak… chosen words have no relation to the context/language presented to the pt
