Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

SNS is what type of control

Answer 1

Voluntary control

Question 1

Somatic nervous system goes out to which muscles

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle

Question 2

What neurotransmitter is used in skeletal muscle

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

What type of receptor does SNS have

Answer 3

Nicotonic cholinergic receptor

Question 4

ANS is control of what type of activity

Answer 4

Involuntary

Question 5

What does ANS control

Answer 5

Cardiovascular response
Endocrine secretion
Gastrointestinal motility and secretions
Reproductive and urogenital control

Question 6

Regulation of ANS is

Answer 6

Collects info from a wide range of sources to process and collect information from the hypothalamus, brain stem and spinal cord

Question 7

Limbic cortex is

Answer 7

Higher level in the brain

Question 8

ANS is split into

Answer 8

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 9

Afferent pathways function

Answer 9

Collect info and take it up to CNS

Question 10

In SNS, there is how many neurons in efferent pathway

Answer 10

1

Question 11

What is a ganglion

Answer 11

When you have a grouping of neurons grouped outside of CNS

Question 12

Paravertebral ganglia and prevertebral ganglia is

Answer 12

Before and after ganglia connections

Question 13

We separate sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system through

Answer 13

Anatomical
Chemical

Question 14

Anatomical aspect of preganglionic neuron

Answer 14

Short myelinated fibres

Question 15

Anatomical aspect of postganglionic neuron

Answer 15

Long fibres

Question 16

What does adrenal glands act as

Answer 16

Acts as a modified neuron for sympathetic nervous system

Question 17

What are the four Fs

Answer 17

Fear
Flight
Fight
Fucking

Question 18

What is the purpose of the four Fs

Answer 18

Stimulation of SNS

Question 19

Symptoms of stimulation of SNS

Answer 19

Mydriasis- dilation of pupils
Positive chronotropic effect- increase heart rate
Inotropic effect- increased force of contraction
Positive dromotopic effect- increase speed of conduction
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Decreased gastric motility
Increased sphincter tone
Glycogenolysis

Question 20

Features of PNS

Answer 20

Short postganglionic
Long myelinated pre ganglionic

Question 21

Why is the vegus nerve important to PNS

Answer 21

70 percent of PNS outflow

Question 22

Discrete signalling

Answer 22

When the fibres are only able to communicate with that one end organ

Question 23

Function of PNS

Answer 23

Rest and digest

Question 24

Affects of stimulation of PNS

Answer 24

Decreased heart rate Decreased conduction velocity Decreased force of contraction Vasodilation

Question 25

Indirect affects of stimulation of PNS

Answer 25

Increased GI motility Increases urethral peristalsis Relaxation of sphincters Mitosis- constriction of pupil Bronchoconstriction

Question 26

Cholinergic neurons

Answer 26

When acetylcholine is released

Question 27

What is the enzyme that removes NTs

Answer 27

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 28

In SNS post ganglionic neuron releases what NT

Answer 28

Noradrenaline

Question 29

Name for noradrenaline releasing neuron

Answer 29

Adrenergic neuron

Question 30

Noradrenaline is removed by

Answer 30

Reuptake Diffusion Enzymes- monoamine oxidase or catechol-o-methyl transferase

Question 31

Alpha or beta receptors are present in what type of receptor

Answer 31

Adrenogic

Question 32

When is a muscularinic receptor used

Answer 32

If cholinergic receptor is in periphery

Question 33

Nicotinic receptor

Answer 33

Ligand gated ion channel

Question 34

Muscarinic receptor

Answer 34

G protein coupled receptor

Question 35

What happens when a nicotinic receptor functions

Answer 35

When acetylcholine binds to channel. Channel opens so nicotine can bind. And activate channel.

Question 36

What happens when there is a muscarinic receptor function

Answer 36

Uses extracellular protein which links to second messaging system to change membrane permeability,

Question 37

What are the types of nicotinic receptors

Answer 37

Nm- needed at muscle Ng- the ganglia Nn- neural brain receptors

Question 38

Muscarinic receptors are divided into

Answer 38

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 M1 is brain M2 is cardiac M3 is glandular/ smooth muscle M4 and M5 is CNS

Question 39

Adrenal receptors are subdivided into

Answer 39

Alpha and beta A1, a2, b1,b2

Question 40

Main adrenal receptor subdivisons

Answer 40

Alpha1- vascular smooth muscle Alpha 2- presynaptic receptor vascular smooth muscle Beta 1- cardiac output Beta 2- bronchi

Question 41

Why do hormones have a longer effect in the body

Answer 41

Longer to get red of

Question 42

Adrenaline has a similar effect to noradrenaline but greater effects at

Answer 42

Beta receptors

Question 43

Adrenaline has a what type of effect on noradrenaline on metabolism

Answer 43

Ten times effect

Question 44

What can double the metabolic rate

Answer 44

Adrenaline combining with noradrenaline

Question 45

What is tone

Answer 45

Both divisions of the ANS are continually active

Question 46

What is cotransmission

Answer 46

The system will release other neurotransmitter

Question 47

Non peptide examples

Answer 47

ATP GADA Dopamine

Question 48

Peptide examples

Answer 48

GnRH VIP NPY

Question 49

What are drug companies developing for cotransmission

Answer 49

Combine peptide and non peptide molecules by inhibiting or acting as ACH or NA to target specific organs

Question 50

Reflex in cardiovascular system

Answer 50

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 51

What is the pressure receptor in the cardiovascular system function

Answer 51

Measures blood pressure

Question 52

Bladder reflex

Answer 52

Stretch Sacral cord contraction

Question 53

Sexual reflexes

Answer 53

Physiological Physical stimulation Activation of PNS

Question 54

Sexual reflexes in activation of PNS

Answer 54

Erection

Question 55

What is an agonist

Answer 55

Mimics the effect of the natural ligand- stimulates the system

Question 56

What are non selective agonists

Answer 56

Bind to alpha and beta receptors

Question 57

Isoprenaline is

Answer 57

Drive increase in cardiac activity- only beta receptor

Question 58

What is the function of propanolamine

Answer 58

Alpha adrenergic agonist

Question 59

Ephedrine is

Answer 59

Induces the release of noradrenaline

Question 60

Dobutamine features

Answer 60

B1 agonists Chronotropic/ inotropic effects on heart

Question 61

Clenbuterol features

Answer 61

B2 agonist Bronchodilator

Question 62

Phenylephrine features

Answer 62

A1 agonist Vasoconstriction

Question 63

Clonidine features

Answer 63

A2 agonist Central sedative effects

Question 64

Adrenergic antagonists

Answer 64

Blocks the effect of sympathetic stimulation

Question 65

Examples of adrenergic antagonists

Answer 65

Phenoxybenzamine Yohimbine Metopriac Propranodiol

Question 66

What is the enteric nervous system

Answer 66

System of neurons contained within the gut Begin in oesphagus and end in anus

Question 67

What does the enteric nervous system control

Answer 67

Gastrointestinal function