Autonomic Nervous Drugs

Question 1

Direct Parasympathomimetics

Answer 1

1. Acetylcholine - not used, non specific, non selective, short half life.
   2.Carbachol - treats Glaucoma, metritis , local use.
   3.Betanechol - treats bladder atony
   4.Methacholine- treats Ergot toxicosis ,
   peripheral vasodilation.
2. Pilocarpine- crosses BBB , glaucoma , KCS

Question 2

Indirect Parasympathomimetics

Answer 2

1. Physostigmine - antidote to Atropine poisoning , crosses BBB, small TI.
2. Neostigmine- treats myasthenia gravis, muscle relaxant, glaucoma.
3. Pyridostigmine- myasthenia gravis , inc. GI motility
4. Edrophonium- 5-15 min , myasthenia gravis diagnosis
5. Organophosphates- irreversible, ectoparasiticide. E.g: dizinone. Antidote: Atropine , pralidoximine , obidoximime.

Question 3

Parasympatholytics

Answer 3

1. Atropine - mAch, crosses BBB, eq+cat -sensitive , long effect. (mydriasis, tachycardia, dec. HCL secretion, dec. Gastric motility , bronchodilation, constipation, hyposalivation)
2. Glycopyrrolate - Atropine analogue , premedication
3. Hematropine + Tropicoamide - eye examination.
4. Iprartropium- asthma treatment
5. Benzetimidine - antidiarrheal
6. Butyl-scopolamine - spasmolytic

Question 4

Non-Specific Sympathomimetics

Answer 4

1. Andrenaline - Arrhythmogenic, treats severe bronchoconstriction, cardiac arrest and 
anaphylactic shock (+GC and AH), used with lidocaine to prolong anesthesia (vasoconstriction)
2.Noradrenalin- rarely used. Extreme inc. in BP. Used for severe hypotension. 
3.Dopamime- low dosge: D1 Kidney vasodilation
Medium dose: B1 inc. heart rate
High dose: A1 acts like epinephrine

Question 5

Specific Sympathomimetics

Beta-adrenoreceptor agonists

Answer 5

1. Dobutamine- B1 inc. heart rate
2. Clenbuterole, salmeterole, Salbutamol, terbutaline - B2 bronchodilation , treats asthma.
3. isoxsporine - uterus relaxation

Question 6

Specific Sympathomimetics

Alpha-adrenoreceotor agonists (specific)

Answer 6

1. Phenylephrine - A1 vasoconstriction , allergy
2. Phenolpropiolamine - A1 vasoconstriction , bladder sphincter constriction.
3. Xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline, tetryzoline - A1 nasal congestion reduction, conjeutivitis
4. A-2 agonists- xylazine , romfidine , detomidine, medetomidine - hypnosedatives

Question 7

Sympatholytics

Alpha-antagonists

Answer 7

1. Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine,,
   tolazoline - ureathra sphincter relaxation
   2.A2 antagonists: Atipamezole, Yohimbine

Question 8

Sympatholytics

Beta-antagonists

Answer 8

1. Non-specific: Propranolol , timolol

2. Specific: B1 Metaprolol , Atenolol