Autonomic Drug Classifications

Question 1

Cholinomimetics/direct cholinergic receptor activators

Answer 1

• Bethanechol (M)
• Methacholine (M and N)
• Nicotine (N)
• Pilocarpine (M)
• Cevimeline (M)

Question 2

Reversible AChE inhibitors (indirect cholinomimetics)

Answer 2

• Edrophonium
• Physostigmine
• Neostigmine
• Pyridostigmine
• Donepezil
• Rivastigmine

Question 3

Which AChE inhibitors are quaternary and what does this mean?

Answer 3

Quaternary AChE inhibitors are unable to get into the CNS

• Pyridostigmine
• Neostigmine
• Edrophonium

Question 4

Irreversible AChE inhibitors?

Answer 4

• Malathion

- Parathion

Question 5

Muscarinic antagonists

Answer 5

• Atropine
• Scopolamine
• Benztropine
• Ipratropium/tiotropium
• Oxybutynin
• Trihexyphenidyl

Question 6

Ganglionic blockers

Answer 6

• Hexamethonium

- Mecamylamine

Question 7

Alpha1 agonist

Answer 7

-Phenylephrine

Question 8

Alpha2 agonists

Answer 8

• Clonidine

- Methyldopa

Question 9

Beta agonists

Answer 9

• Isoproterenol (B1 = B2)

- Dobutamine (B1 > B2)

Question 10

Beta2 agonists

Answer 10

• Albuterol
• Terbutaline
• Salmeterol

Question 11

What are the receptors activated by dopamine?

Answer 11

D1, Beta1, Alpha1

Question 12

What are the receptors activated by epinephrine?

Answer 12

Alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2

Question 13

What are the receptors activated by norepinephrine?

Answer 13

Alpha1, alpha2, beta1

Question 14

What are the indirect acting adrenergic receptor activators/sympathomimetics?

Answer 14

• Amphetamine
• Cocaine
• Ephedrine
• Tyramine

Question 15

Alpha1 antagonists

Answer 15

• Doxazosin
• Prazosin
• Terazosin

Question 16

Alpha2 antagonist

Answer 16

Mirtazapine

Question 17

Mixed alpha antagonists

Answer 17

• Phentolamine

- Phenoxybenzamine

Question 18

Beta1 antagonists

Answer 18

B1 = cardioselective

• Atenolol
• Betaxolol
• Esmolol
• Acebutolol
• Metoprolol

Question 19

Non-selective beta blockers?

Answer 19

• Pindolol
• Propanolol
• Timolol

Question 20

Alpha1/beta antagonists

Answer 20

• Labetalol

- Carvedilol

Question 21

Name the main areas affected by alpha1 receptors and their effects on these areas

Answer 21

• Eye-contraction of the radial/dilator muscle -> mydriasis
• Arterioles (skin/viscera)-Contraction -> Inc TPR, diastolic pressure, and afterload
• Veins-Contraction -> Inc venous return and preload
• Bladder/urinary system-Contraction -> Urinary retention

Question 22

Name the main area affected by alpha2 receptors and their effects on this area

Answer 22

Prejunctional nerve terminals -> Decrease transmitter release and NE synthesis

Question 23

Name the main areas affected by beta1 receptors and their effects on these areas

Answer 23

Heart
-SA node-positive chronotropy (HR)
-AV node-positive dromotropy (Conduction velocity)
-Atrial and ventricular muscle-positive inotropy (contraction force)
-His-Purkinje-Inc automaticity and positive dromotropy
Kidney (JGA cells) -> Inc renin release

Question 24

Name the main areas affected by beta2 receptors and their effects on these areas

Answer 24

• Blood vessels (all)-vasodilation -> dec TPR, diastolic pressure and afterload
• Uterus -> relaxation
• Bronchioles -> dilation