Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards First Aid and Kaplan > Anticancer drugs Kaplan > Flashcards

Anticancer drugs Kaplan Flashcards

1
Q

What are the non-cell cycle specific cancer drugs?

A
  • Alkyalting agents (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and procarbazine)
  • Antitumor Abx (doxorubicin, daunorubicin)
  • Nitrosureas (lomustine, carmustine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the S phase specific cancer drugs?

A
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Methotrexate
  • Irinotecan
  • Cytarabine
  • Etoposide
  • 6-mercaptopurine
  • 6-thioguanine
  • 5-fluorouracil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the G2 phase specific cancer drug?

A

Bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the M phase specific cancer drugs?

A
  • Vinblastine
  • Vincristine
  • Paclitaxel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the specific MOA of cyclophosphamide?

A

-Alkylating agent-attacks guanine N7-dysfunctional DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression

- Hemorrhagic cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is used to treat the hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide and what is its MOA?

A

Mesna-traps acrolein and is protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the specific MOA of doxorubicin?

A
  • Intercalator -> forms free radicals

- Inhibits topoisomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the side effects of doxorubicin?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression

- Delayed CHF (heart damage is caused by the free radicals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is used to prevent the free radicals formed by doxorubicin?

A

Dexrazoxane-iron chelating agent that prevents the formation of free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the specific MOA of methotrexate?

A

-Antimetabolite-inhibits DHF reductase (S phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main side effect of methotrexate?

A

Bone marrow suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is used to prevent the toxicity of methotrexate?

A

Leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the specific MOA of 5-fluorouracil/capecitabine (oral form)?

A

Pyrimidine antimetabolite (S phase) bioactivated to inhibit thymidylate synthetase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the specific MOA of bleomycin?

A

Complexes with Fe and oxygen -> DNA strand scission (G2 phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the main side effects of bleomycin?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the specific MOA of vincristine/vinblastine?

A

Inhibition of microtubular polymerization - spindle poisons (M phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main side effect of vincristine?

A

Neurotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the specific MOA of all-trans retinoic acid?

A

-Differentiating agent, promotes differentiation of promyelocytes

20
Q

All-trans retinoic acid is used to treat what specific cancer?

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), M3

21
Q

What are the main side effects of all-trans retinoic acid?

A

“Differentiation syndrome”-with respiratory distress, pleural and pericardial effusions, CNS symptoms

22
Q

Explain the what causes the “thymineless death of fungal cells and neoplastic cells” and which agents are used for each

A

Flucytosine (FC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are bioactivated to 5-FdUMP which inhibits thymidylate synthetase -> thymineless death

  • FC is used for fungal cells
  • 5-FU is used for neoplastic cells
23
Q

What is the specific MOA of paclitaxel?

A

Blocks depolymerization of microtubules

24
Q

What is the specific MOA of irinotecan?

A

Blocks topoisomerase 1

25
Q

What is the specific MOA of etoposide?

A

Blocks topoisomerase 2

26
Q

What is the target of imatinib?

A

BCR-ABL

27
Q

Imatinib is used in the treatment of what specific cancer?

A

CML

28
Q

What is the target of cetuximab?

A

ErbB1

29
Q

Cetuximab is used in the treatment of what specific cancers?

A

Cancers of the head, neck, and colon

30
Q

What is the target of trastuzumab?

A

ErbB2 (HER2/neu) (EGFR inhibitor)

31
Q

Trastuzumab is used in treatment of what specific cancer?

A

Breast cancer

32
Q

What is the target of bevacizumab?

A

VEGF-A

33
Q

What is the target of sorafenib?

A

RAF kinase

34
Q

Cisplatin is associated with toxicity of what organ?

A

Renal (nephrotoxicity)

35
Q

Bleomycin is associated with toxicity of what organ?

A

Pulmonary

36
Q

Doxorubicin is associated with toxicity of what organ?

A

Cardiac

37
Q

Vincristine is associated with toxicity of what organ?

A

Neurologic

38
Q

Cyclophosphamide is associated with toxicity of what organ?

A

Bladder (hemorrhagic cystitis)

39
Q

Name the bone marrow “sparing” cancer drugs

A
  • Vincristine
  • Cisplatin
  • Asparaginase
  • Bleomycin
40
Q

What type of cancer drugs are more effective against tumors with high growth fractions (leukemias/lymphomas)?

A

Cell cycle specific drugs

41
Q

Non-cell cycle specific drugs are effective against?

A

Tumors with high or low growth fractions

42
Q

What is the antidote used to prevent the nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin?

A

Amifostine

43
Q

What is aldesleukin?

A
  • IL-2

- Increases lymphocyte differentiation and NKs

44
Q

What does IL-11 do?

A

Increases platelet formation

45
Q

What is filgrastim?

A
  • G-CSF

- Increases granulocytes

46
Q

What is sargramostim?

A
  • GM-CSF

- Increases granulocytes and macrophages

47
Q

What is the log-kill hypothesis?

A

The cytotoxic actions of anticancer drugs follow first order kinetics - kill a fixed PERCENTAGE of cancer cells

Boards First Aid and Kaplan (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions