Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD]

Question 1

What are the core characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Answer 1

ASD is characterized by persistent impairments in social interactions (reciprocity, non-verbal communication, relationships), deficits in social communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Question 2

How is the severity of ASD assessed?

Answer 2

ASD severity is assessed with three levels:

Level 1: Requires support for social communication and reciprocity, with difficulty initiating interactions and inflexibility in routines.
Level 2: Requires substantial support due to noticeable deficits in social communication and interactions, including impairment in verbal and nonverbal communication.
Level 3: Requires very substantial support, characterized by severe impairments in social communication, minimal verbal communication, challenges in adaptive behavior, and resistance to change.

Question 3

What assessments are used to diagnose ASD?

Answer 3

Diagnosis involves clinical interviews, observation of behaviors, adherence to diagnostic criteria, and specific tools such as the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Vineland), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST).

Question 4

What are some differential diagnoses for ASD?

Answer 4

Differential diagnoses include Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual Disability (ID), language and communication disorders, Selective Mutism, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

Question 5

What treatments are recommended for individuals with ASD?

Answer 5

Treatment includes family support, psychoeducation, multidisciplinary team interventions (speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychology), and educational supports through specialized schools.