Attitude

Question 1

What is the definition of attitude?

Answer 1

A mode of behaviour that is thought to be the typical response of an individual. It is an emotional response. A set of beliefs and feelings towards an attitude object.

Question 2

What are the 4 characteristics of attitude?

Answer 2

Attitudes can be positive or negative
They are directed to a particular situation
They are enduring/hard to change
They are learned and judgemental

Question 3

What are the 4 things that affect attitude formation?

Answer 3

Socialisation/culture
Peer groups
Media
Past experiences

Question 4

Describe socialisation and culture as a factor affecting attitude formation

Answer 4

It’s the interaction with others that modifies our behaviour. Often formed by parents and the values we are brought up with.
Parents like football - so do you

Question 5

Describe peer groups as a factor affecting attitude formation

Answer 5

Our immediate group of friends and people of significance begin to influence attitudes as we get older.
Friends prefer rugby to football - so do you

Question 6

Describe media as a factor affecting attitude formation

Answer 6

Attitudes formed by what we see, hear and read in the media.

Hear the dangers of rugby - stop playing

Question 7

Describe past experiences as a factor affecting attitude formation

Answer 7

Above all else our day-to-day experiences influence our attitudes
Injured during rugby match - don’t play again.

Question 8

What are the 3 components of attitude?

Answer 8

Cognitive
Affective
Behavioural

Question 9

Describe the cognitive component of attitude

Answer 9

Beliefs/knowledge

Want to jog because it’s good for the cardiovascular system.

Question 10

Describe the affective component of attitude

Answer 10

Emotional response

Went jogging and enjoyed it

Question 11

Describe the behavioural component of attitide

Answer 11

Intention of behaviour

Will continue jogging because it’s good for me and its enjoyable.

Question 12

What must happen if an attitude is to be stable?

Answer 12

All components must be consistent

Question 13

Definition of cognitive dissonance thoery

Answer 13

Disagreement or disharmony between the components of attitude causing emotional conflict or discomfort between two or more components of attitudes.

Question 14

How do you change attitude using cognitive dissonance?

Answer 14

Changing one component in the triadic model can change the whole attitude as there is a drive for consonance (harmony).

Question 15

How do you change the cognitive element of attitude?

Answer 15

Educate

Explain to someone that is scared all the safety things that are in place

Question 16

How do you change the affective element of attitude?

Answer 16

Change the emotion (increase enjoyment)

Do activities that are enjoyable

Question 17

How do you change the behavioural element of attitude?

Answer 17

Persuade

Persuade them to go

Question 18

What is persuasive communication?

Answer 18

This method involves changing an attitude using verbal persuasion

Question 19

What are the four components of persuasive communication?

Answer 19

The persuader
The recipient
The message
The situation

Question 20

Describe the persuader component of persuasive communication

Answer 20

Must have high status/be a role model

Eg the coach of the team

Question 21

Describe the recipient component of persuasive communication

Answer 21

The recipient must want to change

Eg the player understands why change is needed

Question 22

Describe the message component of persuasive communication

Answer 22

Must be presented in a way that makes the player want to change
Normally presented in a positive way Eg you have the skill to perform this tactic

Question 23

Describe the situation component of persuasive communication

Answer 23

Attitudes are more likely to be changed if other persuaders are present
Eg teammates encouraging a player.

Question 24

Describe positive attitudes towards sport

Answer 24

They value exercise
Enjoy activities and competition 
They are talented
Excited by physical challenge
Enjoy the personal expression
Relax and stress free when participating
See participation as the social norm

Question 25

Describe negative attitudes towards sport

Answer 25

They believe it is harmful
They dislike the experiences involved
They lack the physical/perceptual skills required
They are frightened by the activities
They experience stress/anxiety when they participate
They see not participating in sport as the social norm

Question 26

What does social norm mean?

Answer 26

Behaviours that are deemed normal within a culture and are created through socialisation

Question 27

What is the definition of culture?

Answer 27

Members of a community learning certain behaviours that are shared among those within the community of people or our society.

Question 28

What is a stereotype?

Answer 28

A belief held by a collection of people about traits shared by a certain category of person
Eg Women playing rugby are butch.

Question 29

What are the 9 strategies to improve a performers attitude?

Answer 29

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Role models
Reattribution
Raising self-esteem
Raising self-confidence
Peer pressure
Goal setting

Question 30

Give an example of positive reinforcement as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 30

Praise/reward for showing positive behaviour towards an attitude object

Question 31

Give an example of negative reinforcement as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 31

Present annoyer/criticise negative behaviour towards an attitude object.

Question 32

Give an example of punishment as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 32

Punish negative behaviour towards an attitude object

Racism - fined/fired

Question 33

Give an example of role models as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 33

High status/authoritative/same gender coach telling them to show better behaviour to an attitude object

Question 34

Give an example of reattribution as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 34

Changing perception of the reasons for failure

Question 35

Give an example of raising self-esteem as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 35

Feelings about themselves/feelings of self worth

believe in themselves more=changed attitude

Question 36

Give an example of raising self confidence as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 36

Situation specific, good at something

(praise, feel good, practice=change attitude)`

Question 37

Give an example of group/peer pressure as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 37

Close friends/teammates praising positive behaviour towards an attitude object

Question 38

Give an example of goal setting as a strategy to improve a performers attitude

Answer 38

To take part in 3 recreational football matches each month