Attachment

Question 1

Affectionless psychopathy

Answer 1

Term used by Bowlby
Describe people who dont show concern or affection for other people and show little remorse or guilt

Question 2

Asocial stage

Answer 2

0-6 weeks
Infant may respond to faces or voices
Attachment has not been formed.

Question 3

Attachment

Answer 3

Emotional tie to another person

Question 4

Contact comfort

Answer 4

Physical and emotional comfort that an infant receives from being close to its mother

Question 5

Critical period

Answer 5

Time period where an attachment will form or it never will
0-2/2.5 years
Bowlby says we are still vulnerable up to 5 years

Question 6

Continuity hypothesis

Answer 6

Early relationships with caregiver predict later relationships in adulthood

Question 7

Dishinibition attachment

Answer 7

Child shows equal affection to stranger as they do to people they know well

Question 8

Evolutionary explanation

Answer 8

Explanation for attachment- increases chance of survival

Question 9

Indiscriminate attachment

Answer 9

2-7 months
Can tell between familiar and unfamiliar people
Do not know stranger anxiety

Question 10

Innate behaviour

Answer 10

Instinctive behaviour that does not need to be learnt

Question 11

Insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 11

Little response to reunion with parent.
Low stranger and separation anxiety

Question 12

Insecure resistant attachment

Answer 12

Strange situation- child shows high stranger and separation anxiety
Resists comfort and reunion

Question 13

Institutionalisation

Answer 13

Effects of growing up in an orphanage or children’s home

Question 14

Interaction synchrony

Answer 14

Infant and caregiver reflect eachother actions and emotions

Question 15

Internal working model

Answer 15

Mental representation of our relationship with caregiver that becomes a template for future relationships.

Question 16

Learning theory

Answer 16

Emphasise role of learning in acquiring behaviours such as attachment

Question 17

Maternal deprivation hypothesis

Answer 17

Separation from mother figure in early childhood has serious consequences

Question 18

Monotropy

Answer 18

Close attachment to one person
Normally primary attachment figure

Question 19

Multiple attachments

Answer 19

Formational of emotional bonds with more than one carer

Question 20

Privation

Answer 20

Failure to form attachment in early childhood

Question 21

Proximity seeking

Answer 21

Infants try to maintain physical contact or be close to their attachment figure

Question 22

Reciprocity

Answer 22

Infant and caregiver match each others responses

Question 23

Secure attachment

Answer 23

Most desirable
Strange situation- child shows separation anxiety and stranger anxiety
Joy on reunion

Question 24

Sensitive period

Answer 24

Best time period over which attachments form

Question 25

Separation anxiety

Answer 25

Degree of distress shown by the child when separated from the caregiver

Question 26

Specific attachment

Answer 26

7 months Show a strong attachment to one particular person and are wary of strangers

Question 27

Strange situation

Answer 27

Controlled observation used to test children’s attachment patterns

Question 28

Stranger anxiety

Answer 28

Degree of distress shown by an infant when with unfamiliar people

Question 29

Temperament

Answer 29

Characteristics and aspects of personality an infant is born with and that might h impact on its attachment type

Question 31

Aim of Bowlbys 44 Juvenile thieves study

Answer 31

Test the maternal deprivation hypothesis Those with affectionless psychopathy had no sense of shame, more likely to have experienced separation in early life

Question 32

Procedure used in Bowlby’s 44 Juvenile thieves study

Answer 32

44 delinquent teens accused of stealing Families also interviewed to established any prolonged separation from mothers

Question 33

Findings of Bowlby’s 44 Juvenile thieves study

Answer 33

14 were affectionless psychopaths. 12/14 had experienced prolonged separation in first 2 years of their lives Early separation caused affectionless psychopathy

Question 34

A03 of Bowlby’s study Limitation- individual differences

Answer 34

Not all children affected by separation in the same way Securely attached children- cope reasonably well Insecurely attached children- become distressed.

Question 35

What is Ainsworth’s strange situation

Answer 35

Controlled observation to assess quality of child’s attachment to a caregiver

Question 36

Aim of ainsworths strange situation

Answer 36

See how infants behave under conditions of mild stress caused by the presence of a stranger separating infant from caregiver- testing stranger and separating anxiety Encourages exploration and testing secure base concept

Question 37

Procedure ainsworth strange situation

Answer 37

Controlled In a lab- experimental room 7 episodes each 3 mins Mum and child enter room Mum and child alone. Mum responds if infant needs attention. Stranger enters- talks to caregiver- approaches child with toy and mum leaves the room. Stranger and child left Mum returns- stranger leaves. Mum waits for child to leave again Infant alone Stranger returns- tries to engage with child Mum returns- stranger leaves Reunion recorded

Question 38

Findings of ainsworth ss

Answer 38

Secure attachment- type b Insecure avoidant- type a Insecure resistant- type c

Question 39

Secure attachment Type b

Answer 39

High willingness to explore Some distress but easily soothed when separated Avoidant alone but friendly with mum when stranger entered Positive reunion Mother used as a safe base Caregiver sensitive

Question 40

Insecure-avoidant attachemnt style Type a

Answer 40

No sign of distress when separated Normal play and behaviour when stranger enters