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PSYCHOLOGY > APPROACHES > Flashcards

APPROACHES Flashcards

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1
Q

What is imitation

A

Copying behaviours of others

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2
Q

What is identification

A

When observers associate themselves with a role model.
They want to be like the role model

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3
Q

What is modelling

A

Imitating behaviour of the role model.

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4
Q

What is vicarious reinforcement

A

occurs through observing someone else’ being reinforced for their behaviour.
More likely to do it if they are being positively reinforced.

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5
Q

What are mediational processes

A

ARRM.
A= attention
R= retention
R=reproduction
M=motivation
M= modelling
Cognitive factors that influence learning a a behaviour.

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6
Q

What is attention

A

Noticing certain behaviours

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7
Q

Retention

A

Remembering

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Carrying the same behaviour out again

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9
Q

Motivation

A

A reason e.g a role model

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10
Q

What is the cognitive approach

A

= focused on how our mental processes affect behaviour.
= the mind processes information from our senses. (Touch, taste, smell etc.)

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11
Q

Internal mental processes

A

‘Private’ operations of the minds.

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12
Q

Schema

A

Mental shortcut of beliefs and expectations developed from an experience.

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13
Q

Pros of schemas

A

P= mental shortcut
E= we dont have to rethink the same ideas
E= helps is to remember.

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14
Q

Cons of schemas

A

P=can lead to inaccurate views
E= e.g perceptions of snakes
E=can lead to prejudice and phobias.

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15
Q

Genes

A

Made of dna. Codes for physical features of an organism

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16
Q

Genotype

A

Set of genes that’s. Person possesses

17
Q

Phenotype

A

Characteristics of an individual determined by:
Both genes and the environment

18
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach

A

=where behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences

19
Q

What is the unconscious mind

A

Part if the mind we are unaware of

20
Q

Conscious mind

A

Part of the mind we are aware of on a daily basis

21
Q

Whats the id

A

Aggressive
Demands immediate gratification

22
Q

Ego

A

Reality checks
Balances id and superego

23
Q

Superego

A

Good part

24
Q

What is repression

A

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind

25
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to acknowledge some parts of reality

26
Q

Displacement

A

Psychically doing something

27
Q

What are the psychosexual stages

A

5 stages that all children pass through
By Freud
The outcome determines the future

28
Q

Oral 0-1

A

Pleasure in the mouth- breast
Unresolved conflict leads to e.g nail biting

29
Q

Anal 1-3

A

Anus is focus of pleasure
Holding in and expelling faeces
Unresolved= anal retentive

30
Q

Phallic 3-5

A

Genital area
Oedipus complex
Unresolved, homosexual, narcissistic

31
Q

What is the case of Little Hans

A

5 year old with phobia of horses
Freud thought the horse represented his father
He was scared he would castrate him for desiring his mother
This is the Oedipus complex

32
Q

Psychodynamic therapy

A

Talking freely to a therapist
Saying first thing that comes to mind
Allows true thoughts

33
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

We have free will

34
Q

Free will

A

Humans cannot make choices and are not determined.

35
Q

Self-actualisation

A

Becoming the best version of yourself.
Fulfil one’s potential.
Becoming what you are capable of

36
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A

A five levelled pyramid.
Must have every factor in one section before you can move up.
If you dint have one in a lower section you are stuck there until you have it.
The top is called self actualisation.

37
Q

what is humanistic counselling

A

When thee client is always right.
Client concentrated

38
Q

Wundt

A

=father of psych.
=emphasised technique of introspection which beaks down someone’s mental and emotional processes into thoughts, images and sensations. He then analysed them.
=his work helped the study of mental processes.

PSYCHOLOGY (13 decks)

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