APPROACHES

Question 1

What is imitation

Answer 1

Copying behaviours of others

Question 2

What is identification

Answer 2

When observers associate themselves with a role model.
They want to be like the role model

Question 3

What is modelling

Answer 3

Imitating behaviour of the role model.

Question 4

What is vicarious reinforcement

Answer 4

occurs through observing someone else’ being reinforced for their behaviour.
More likely to do it if they are being positively reinforced.

Question 5

What are mediational processes

Answer 5

ARRM.
A= attention
R= retention
R=reproduction
M=motivation
M= modelling
Cognitive factors that influence learning a a behaviour.

Question 6

What is attention

Answer 6

Noticing certain behaviours

Question 7

Retention

Answer 7

Remembering

Question 8

Reproduction

Answer 8

Carrying the same behaviour out again

Question 9

Motivation

Answer 9

A reason e.g a role model

Question 10

What is the cognitive approach

Answer 10

= focused on how our mental processes affect behaviour.
= the mind processes information from our senses. (Touch, taste, smell etc.)

Question 11

Internal mental processes

Answer 11

‘Private’ operations of the minds.

Question 12

Schema

Answer 12

Mental shortcut of beliefs and expectations developed from an experience.

Question 13

Pros of schemas

Answer 13

P= mental shortcut
E= we dont have to rethink the same ideas
E= helps is to remember.

Question 14

Cons of schemas

Answer 14

P=can lead to inaccurate views
E= e.g perceptions of snakes
E=can lead to prejudice and phobias.

Question 15

Genes

Answer 15

Made of dna. Codes for physical features of an organism

Question 16

Genotype

Answer 16

Set of genes that’s. Person possesses

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Characteristics of an individual determined by:
Both genes and the environment

Question 18

What is the psychodynamic approach

Answer 18

=where behaviour is influenced by early childhood experiences

Question 19

What is the unconscious mind

Answer 19

Part if the mind we are unaware of

Question 20

Conscious mind

Answer 20

Part of the mind we are aware of on a daily basis

Question 21

Whats the id

Answer 21

Aggressive
Demands immediate gratification

Question 22

Ego

Answer 22

Reality checks
Balances id and superego

Question 23

Superego

Answer 23

Good part

Question 24

What is repression

Answer 24

Forcing a distressing memory out of the conscious mind

Question 25

Denial

Answer 25

Refusing to acknowledge some parts of reality

Question 26

Displacement

Answer 26

Psychically doing something

Question 27

What are the psychosexual stages

Answer 27

5 stages that all children pass through By Freud The outcome determines the future

Question 28

Oral 0-1

Answer 28

Pleasure in the mouth- breast Unresolved conflict leads to e.g nail biting

Question 29

Anal 1-3

Answer 29

Anus is focus of pleasure Holding in and expelling faeces Unresolved= anal retentive

Question 30

Phallic 3-5

Answer 30

Genital area Oedipus complex Unresolved, homosexual, narcissistic

Question 31

What is the case of Little Hans

Answer 31

5 year old with phobia of horses Freud thought the horse represented his father He was scared he would castrate him for desiring his mother This is the Oedipus complex

Question 32

Psychodynamic therapy

Answer 32

Talking freely to a therapist Saying first thing that comes to mind Allows true thoughts

Question 33

Humanistic psychology

Answer 33

We have free will

Question 34

Free will

Answer 34

Humans cannot make choices and are not determined.

Question 35

Self-actualisation

Answer 35

Becoming the best version of yourself. Fulfil one’s potential. Becoming what you are capable of

Question 36

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Answer 36

A five levelled pyramid. Must have every factor in one section before you can move up. If you dint have one in a lower section you are stuck there until you have it. The top is called self actualisation.

Question 37

what is humanistic counselling

Answer 37

When thee client is always right. Client concentrated

Question 38

Wundt

Answer 38

=father of psych. =emphasised technique of introspection which beaks down someone’s mental and emotional processes into thoughts, images and sensations. He then analysed them. =his work helped the study of mental processes.