Memory New Flashcards
Coding
Baddeley
Acoustic and semantic
Procedure: acoustically similar words: cat, cab, can. or dissimilar words: pit, few cow.
Semantically similar: great, large, big. Dissimilar: good, huge, hot
Findings: immediate recall worse with acoustically similar
STM is acoustic
Recall after 20 mins worse with semantically similar words
LTM is semantic
Capacity
Miller
Procedure: o severed everyday practice. Noted thongs come in sevens
Findings: span of STM is 7+/-2 items
But is increased by chunking (meaningful units).
Duration of STM
Peterson and Peterson
Procedure: 24 students were given a constant t syllable to recall and a 3 digit number to count backwards from. Retention interval was varied- 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds
Findings: dater 3 second- average recall was 80%
After 18 seconds it was 3%
STM without rehearsal is up to 18 seconds
Duration LTM
Bahrick et al
Year book photos.
P 392 Americans aged 17-74
Recognition test- 50 photos from high school yearbooks
Free recall test- List the names of graduating class
Findings- recognition test- 90% accurate after 15 years. 70% after 48
Free recall test- 60% recall after 15yrs. 30% after 48yrs.
A03. Coding capacity and duration of memory
S- baddeleys study identified 2 memory stores
P- baddeleys study identified 2 memory stores
E- STM is mostly acoustic and LTM is mainly semantic
E- led to the development if the MSM
Limitation- baddeleys study used artificial stimuli
P- baddeleys study used artificial stimuli
E- words had no personal meaning so doesn’t tell us about memory for everyday tasks
People use semantic coding for stm with meaningful info
E- findings have limited application
A03 strength Bahrick et al- high external validity
E- everyday meaningful memories were studied
When lab studies were done of meaningless pictures- recall was lower
E- means they reflect a real estimate of the duration of LTM.
