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PSYCHOLOGY > MEMORY > Flashcards

MEMORY Flashcards

1
Q

Coding

A

Type of information stored in each memory store.

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2
Q

What type of coding is in short-term memory

A

Acoustic

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3
Q

What type of coding is in long- term memory

A

Semantic

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4
Q

What did Baddeley demonstrate about coding

A

More mistakes are made when recalling acoustically- similar words straight after learning them.
More mistakes are made when recalling semantically- similar words 20 minutes after learning them. (LTM)

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5
Q

Capacity- Jacob’s

A

The volume of information which can be kept in a memory store at a time

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6
Q

What is the capacity of STM

A

7+/-2 chunks

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7
Q

What is the capacity of LTM

A

Unlimited

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8
Q

Duration

A

Amount of time that information can be stored in each memory store

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9
Q

What is the duration of STM

A

18-30 seconds

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10
Q

What did Peterson find

A

By increasing retention intervals decreases the accuracy of recall of consonant syllables

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11
Q

What does the MSM represent

A

How memory is stored, transferred between stores, retrieved and forgotten

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12
Q

What are the 3 stores

A

Sensory register
STM
LTM

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13
Q

What does the sensory register contain

A

5 senses

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of LTM

A

Episodic
Semantic
Procedural

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15
Q

What is episodic memory

A

Memory that describes memories which have some kind of personal meaning
E.g a wedding

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16
Q

What is semantic memory

A

Memories of the world and our general knowledge

17
Q

Procedural memories

A

Describe our memories of ‘learnt skills’
E.g riding a bike

18
Q

What memories are recalled consciously

A

Episodic and semantic

19
Q

What memories are recalled unconsciously

A

Procedural

20
Q

What does the WMM say that STM is made up of

A

Central executive
Phonological loop
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Episodic buffer

21
Q

Central executive

A

Described as ‘attentional processes’
Limited processing capacity

22
Q

Phonological loop

A

Processes auditory information
Allows maintenance rehersal

23
Q

Visual-spatial sketch pad

A

Combines the visual and spatial information processed by other stores

24
Q

Episodic buffer

A

Storage component.
Crucial for linking STM and LTM

25
Q

Forgetting.
What is interference

A

When one memory blocks the recall of another.
Causes forgetting or distorted perceptions of these memories

26
Q

What is retroactive interference

A

New memories block recollection of old memories

27
Q

What is proactive interference

A

Old memories block the recollection of new memories.

28
Q

Forgetting
Retrieval failure:

A

When there are no ‘cues’ present to help you remember

29
Q

What are the two types of forgetting

A

Context- dependant and state dependant

30
Q

What is context- dependant forgetting

A

What external cues do not match with those present at recall.
E,g deep water divers remember better in the same condition e.g underwater

31
Q

What is state-dependant forgetting

A

When our internal he’s at the time of encoding do not match with those present at recall
E.g in same room

32
Q

What is eye witness testimony

A

The information recalled about a crime by an eyewitness

33
Q

How can the accuracy be reduced of an EWT

A

Leading questions

34
Q

What was Loftus and Palmers study

A

Participants watched a film clip of a car crashing
Gave speed estimates about how fast the car was going
Each group exposed to different verbs
Suggests leading questions as the way they were phrased gave different answers by PPTS

35
Q

How can leading questions give the effect of response bias

A

Questions influence the PPTS to give a certain answer

36
Q

How do post-event discussions demonstrate ‘memory conformity’

A

We are more likely to pick up upon incorrect ideas or details because we believe the other person is right

PSYCHOLOGY (16 decks)

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