MEMORY

Question 1

Coding

Answer 1

Type of information stored in each memory store.

Question 2

What type of coding is in short-term memory

Answer 2

Acoustic

Question 3

What type of coding is in long- term memory

Answer 3

Semantic

Question 4

What did Baddeley demonstrate about coding

Answer 4

More mistakes are made when recalling acoustically- similar words straight after learning them.
More mistakes are made when recalling semantically- similar words 20 minutes after learning them. (LTM)

Question 5

Capacity- Jacob’s

Answer 5

The volume of information which can be kept in a memory store at a time

Question 6

What is the capacity of STM

Answer 6

7+/-2 chunks

Question 7

What is the capacity of LTM

Answer 7

Unlimited

Question 8

Duration

Answer 8

Amount of time that information can be stored in each memory store

Question 9

What is the duration of STM

Answer 9

18-30 seconds

Question 10

What did Peterson find

Answer 10

By increasing retention intervals decreases the accuracy of recall of consonant syllables

Question 11

What does the MSM represent

Answer 11

How memory is stored, transferred between stores, retrieved and forgotten

Question 12

What are the 3 stores

Answer 12

Sensory register
STM
LTM

Question 13

What does the sensory register contain

Answer 13

5 senses

Question 14

What are the 3 types of LTM

Answer 14

Episodic
Semantic
Procedural

Question 15

What is episodic memory

Answer 15

Memory that describes memories which have some kind of personal meaning
E.g a wedding

Question 16

What is semantic memory

Answer 16

Memories of the world and our general knowledge

Question 17

Procedural memories

Answer 17

Describe our memories of ‘learnt skills’
E.g riding a bike

Question 18

What memories are recalled consciously

Answer 18

Episodic and semantic

Question 19

What memories are recalled unconsciously

Answer 19

Procedural

Question 20

What does the WMM say that STM is made up of

Answer 20

Central executive
Phonological loop
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Episodic buffer

Question 21

Central executive

Answer 21

Described as ‘attentional processes’
Limited processing capacity

Question 22

Phonological loop

Answer 22

Processes auditory information
Allows maintenance rehersal

Question 23

Visual-spatial sketch pad

Answer 23

Combines the visual and spatial information processed by other stores

Question 24

Episodic buffer

Answer 24

Storage component.
Crucial for linking STM and LTM

Question 25

Forgetting. What is interference

Answer 25

When one memory blocks the recall of another. Causes forgetting or distorted perceptions of these memories

Question 26

What is retroactive interference

Answer 26

New memories block recollection of old memories

Question 27

What is proactive interference

Answer 27

Old memories block the recollection of new memories.

Question 28

Forgetting Retrieval failure:

Answer 28

When there are no ‘cues’ present to help you remember

Question 29

What are the two types of forgetting

Answer 29

Context- dependant and state dependant

Question 30

What is context- dependant forgetting

Answer 30

What external cues do not match with those present at recall. E,g deep water divers remember better in the same condition e.g underwater

Question 31

What is state-dependant forgetting

Answer 31

When our internal he’s at the time of encoding do not match with those present at recall E.g in same room

Question 32

What is eye witness testimony

Answer 32

The information recalled about a crime by an eyewitness

Question 33

How can the accuracy be reduced of an EWT

Answer 33

Leading questions

Question 34

What was Loftus and Palmers study

Answer 34

Participants watched a film clip of a car crashing Gave speed estimates about how fast the car was going Each group exposed to different verbs Suggests leading questions as the way they were phrased gave different answers by PPTS

Question 35

How can leading questions give the effect of response bias

Answer 35

Questions influence the PPTS to give a certain answer

Question 36

How do post-event discussions demonstrate ‘memory conformity’

Answer 36

We are more likely to pick up upon incorrect ideas or details because we believe the other person is right