ATS 9 - Roman Republic

Question 1

Who were the Latins (Latini)?

5 points.

Answer 1

• Shared linguistic group (Latin)
• Shared religious and cultural traditions
• Separate part of Villanovan cultural tree from Etruscans
• Mythologically connected to Aeneas of Troy and his marriage to Lavinia
• Centered especially on mountainous country SE of Rome (Alban Mount, Alban Lake, etc.)

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Question 2

What are the advantages of Rome’s location?

6 points.

Answer 2

• Controls the major crossing of the Tiber
• Agricultural land available (less so upstream)
• Protected from raiders (less so downstream)
• Good access to seaborne trade (before silting)
• Good access to salt pans ( via Salaria
• Contact point between Etruscan and Latin cultures

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Question 3

Terms for burials in Early Rome?

Answer 3

Inhumation = Burial of body

Cremation = Burial of ashes of a body

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Question 4

What is the creation myth of rome?

5 points.

Answer 4

Romulus and Remus: An extremely good creation myth

• Evil grandfather
• Babies in a basket
• Nature intercedes
• Discovery of important lineage
• Satisfying revenge, wrongs set right

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Question 5

How did the Romans see themsleves?

2 points.

Answer 5

• Rome saw itself as a constructed society drawn together from many different places.
• Different from the Greeks, who tended to view themselves (as the Athenians) as autochthonous, that is, born from the land itself, having always lived in that very place.

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Question 6

What were the 5 top roles?

Answer 6

• Consul
• Praetor
• Aedile
• Quaestor
• Censor

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Question 7

What was the role of the Consul?

3 points.

Answer 7

• Chief executives of Rome.
• Two elected annually
• Held power together

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Question 8

What was the role of the Praetor?

3 points.

Answer 8

• Originally one, but grew to sixteen in the empire.
• Took over some of the judicial duties of the consuls.
• Could command armies in the absence of a consul.

Note: Created later

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Question 9

What was the role of the Aedile?

3 points.

Answer 9

Originally open to plebians only

4 initially, though more later.

The Aediles:

• oversaw public works
• organized public games
• etc.

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Question 10

What was the role of the Quaestor?

2 points.

Answer 10

The first rank on the political ladder.

Twenty promising men:

• Oversaw the finances of the republic
  or
• Served as second in command for armies or governors.

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Question 11

What was the role of the Censor?

4 points.

Answer 11

• A position held every five years by distinguished former consuls.
• A censor would review the laws
• A censor could remove scandalous members from the Senate
• A censor could admit new members

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Question 12

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Outbreak of Peloponnesian War

Answer 12

431

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Question 13

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Athenian invasion fleets arrives in Sicily

Answer 13

415

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Question 14

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

End of the Peloponnesian War

Answer 14

404

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Question 15

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Battle of Leuctra

Answer 15

371

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Question 16

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Battle of Mantinea

Answer 16

362

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Question 17

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Battle of Chaeronea

Answer 17

338

Macedonia conquers Greek city states

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Question 18

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Battle of Gaugamela

Answer 18

331

Alexander conquers heart of Persia

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Question 19

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Siege of Veii

Answer 19

405 -396

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Question 20

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Gauls sack Rome

Answer 20

387

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Question 21

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Licinian Sextian Legislation

Answer 21

367

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Question 22

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Fundamental change in Roman army

Answer 22

Mid 4th century

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Question 23

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Romans defeat an army of Etrucans , Samnites and Gauls at Sentinum

Answer 23

343

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Question 24

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Second Romano-Samnite War

Answer 24

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Question 25

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Battle of the Caudine Forks

Answer 25

321

Roman army devastated

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Question 26

Rome: A tumultuous hundred years

Third Romano Samnite War breaks out

Answer 26

298

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Question 27

Who was Pyrrhus of Epirus?

Answer 27

King of Epirus (reigned 297 272)

Interested in expanding his power to the east, into Italy and Sicily

Extremely skilled general operating far from resupply, with questionable allies

Killed by blunt force trama (high velocity roof tile) to head.

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Question 28

Describe

Pyrrhic victories for Pyrrhus

5 points.

Answer 28

• 280: Battle of Heraclea. Pyrrhus wins the field but loses 4000 men (to 7000 Roman losses)
• 279: Battle of Asculum. Pyrrhus routs the Roman army, but loses 3000 men, including trusted generals (to 8000 Roman
• 278- 276: Pyrrhus campaigns in Sicily, nearly defeats entire Carthaginian force, but undercut by Sicilian allies, forced to withdraw.
• 275: Battle of Beneventum . Epirote losses number 11,000 to 9000 Roman. Pyrrhus is forced to withdraw from Italy, abandoning Tarentum to its fate.
• 272: Rome captures Tarentum, loots art and treasury, and destroys the city walls. All of southern Italy captured or allied with Rome

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