ATP synthesis (Proton Motive Force) Flashcards
F0 of ATP synthase associated with ___, F1 associated with ___
inner membrane; matrix
there are ___ units in A, __ units in B, ____ in C
1; 2; 8-15
which subunits move around?
c subunits (100 rev/sec), epsilon, gamma
there are __ alpha and __ beta
3;3
beta subunits can exist in these three diff conformations:
open (nucleotides can bind/release), loose (nucleotides trapped), tight (ATP synthesized)
what is the role of alpha subunits?
just structure support, not make ATP
ETC and ATP synthesis are ___
coupled
what does dinitrophenol do?
makes holes in membrane so ETC works but disrupt proton gradient, uncoupling ETC from ATP synthesis (no phosphorylation)
what is the glycerol-3-P shuttle?
DHAP is reduced by NADH and H in cytosol to become GAP, then GAP is oxidized to DHAP by FAD prosthetic group in mitochondrial GAP dehydrogenase, FADH2 is oxidized to FAD again by turning Q to QH2
lose __ ATP in GAP shuttle
1
transfer of amino groups causes oxaloacetate to become ____ and glutamate to become ____ in the ____
aspartate; alphaketoglutarate; mitochondria
is any energy lost in the malate aspartate shuttle?
NO
______ exchanges ATP and ADP as antiporter; ______ is a symporter that transports H and H2PO4
adenine nucleotide translocase; phophate translocase
what are agents that interfere w/ ox phosphorylation?
rotenone amytal, antimycin A, CN- and CO, oligomycin, DNP, thermogenin, bongkrekic acid, atracetyloside
what inhibits ATP synthase?
oligomycin (inhibits Fo)
what causes uncoupling of phosphorylation from ETC?
DNP and thermogenin (hydrophobic proton carrier forms proton conducting pores)
what causes inhibition of ATP-ADP exchange?
Bongkrekic acid (antibiotic from mold), atracetyloside -->they inhibit adenine nucleotide translocase
regulated uncoupling leads to generation of ___, called ________
heat; nonshivering thermogenesis
uncoupling occurs in the mitochondria of ______
brown adipose tissue
another name for UCP-1?
thermogenin
