ATP synthesis (Proton Motive Force)

Question 1

F0 of ATP synthase associated with ___, F1 associated with ___

Answer 1

inner membrane; matrix

Question 2

there are ___ units in A, __ units in B, ____ in C

Answer 2

1; 2; 8-15

Question 3

which subunits move around?

Answer 3

c subunits (100 rev/sec), epsilon, gamma

Question 4

there are __ alpha and __ beta

Answer 4

3;3

Question 5

beta subunits can exist in these three diff conformations:

Answer 5

open (nucleotides can bind/release), loose (nucleotides trapped), tight (ATP synthesized)

Question 6

what is the role of alpha subunits?

Answer 6

just structure support, not make ATP

Question 7

ETC and ATP synthesis are ___

Answer 7

coupled

Question 8

what does dinitrophenol do?

Answer 8

makes holes in membrane so ETC works but disrupt proton gradient, uncoupling ETC from ATP synthesis (no phosphorylation)

Question 9

what is the glycerol-3-P shuttle?

Answer 9

DHAP is reduced by NADH and H in cytosol to become GAP, then GAP is oxidized to DHAP by FAD prosthetic group in mitochondrial GAP dehydrogenase, FADH2 is oxidized to FAD again by turning Q to QH2

Question 10

lose __ ATP in GAP shuttle

Answer 10

1

Question 11

transfer of amino groups causes oxaloacetate to become ____ and glutamate to become ____ in the ____

Answer 11

aspartate; alphaketoglutarate; mitochondria

Question 12

is any energy lost in the malate aspartate shuttle?

Answer 12

NO

Question 13

______ exchanges ATP and ADP as antiporter; ______ is a symporter that transports H and H2PO4

Answer 13

adenine nucleotide translocase; phophate translocase

Question 14

what are agents that interfere w/ ox phosphorylation?

Answer 14

rotenone amytal, antimycin A, CN- and CO, oligomycin, DNP, thermogenin, bongkrekic acid, atracetyloside

Question 15

what inhibits ATP synthase?

Answer 15

oligomycin (inhibits Fo)

Question 16

what causes uncoupling of phosphorylation from ETC?

Answer 16

DNP and thermogenin (hydrophobic proton carrier forms proton conducting pores)

Question 17

what causes inhibition of ATP-ADP exchange?

Answer 17

Bongkrekic acid (antibiotic from mold), atracetyloside
-->they inhibit adenine nucleotide translocase

Question 18

regulated uncoupling leads to generation of ___, called ________

Answer 18

heat; nonshivering thermogenesis

Question 19

uncoupling occurs in the mitochondria of ______

Answer 19

brown adipose tissue

Question 20

another name for UCP-1?

Answer 20

thermogenin