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biochemistry > ATP regeneration > Flashcards

ATP regeneration Flashcards

1
Q

how many ATP molecules are used per actin- myosin power stroke?

A
  • 1 ATP molecule
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2
Q

what can hydrolysis exceed during strenuous exercise?

A
  • exceeds 12 hexillion molecules of ATP/ min
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3
Q

describe the ATP- ADP cycle

A
  • negative charge on terminal oxygen of phosphate group (PO4-) acts like a compressed spring as it repels the rest
  • chemical energy is released when ATP hydrolysed> loses a phosphate molecule
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4
Q

is the ATP hydrolysis reaction favoured?

A
  • thermodynamically favoured
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5
Q

describe anabolic reactions

A
  • endergonic so are not thermodynamically favoured
  • coupled with hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi + energy to perform cellular work
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6
Q

describe catabolic reactions?

A
  • exergonic> thermodynamically favoured
  • release energy which can be used for ATP synthesis
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7
Q

what are anabolic reactions coupled to?

A
  • the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi + energy to perform cellular work
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8
Q

what type of reaction is hydrolysis? is it exergonic or endergonic?

A
  • catabolism
  • exergonic
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9
Q

what do catabolic reactions release and what is it used for?

A
  • release energy used for ATP synthesis
  • net energy from ATP breakdown/ synthesis is manipulated to allow reactions to proceed
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10
Q

how much ATP is turned over by human with energy expenditure of 2000kcal per day?

A
  • 45 kg of ATP is turned over
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11
Q

what can the demand for ATP hydrolysis be as high as? when does this happen?

A
  • as high as 1kg per minute
  • during strenuous exercise
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12
Q

what do the different metabolic pathways vary in?

A
  • maximal rate
  • sustainability
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13
Q

what is ATP used for during exercise?

A
  • mechanical energy for muscle contraction
  • electrical energy; electrical nerve impulses (Ca2+ pump)
  • heat aids maintenance of body temperature
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14
Q

how long would ATP stored in muscle last?

A
  • 3 seconds in maximal exercise
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15
Q

what are the accumulating breakdown products of ATP?

A
  • ADP, AMP and PCr
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16
Q

describe myokinase regulation

A
  • myokinase located in the muscle, adds phosphate group in a anaerobic reaction to maintain ATP during hard exercise
17
Q

what is the maximal rate of ATP resynthesis of myokinase regulation ?

A
  • 0.9mmmol/kg/sec
18
Q

why is the reaction of ATP replenishment favoured?

A
  • reduced ATP
  • increased ADP
  • AMP is broken down in liver and excreted via kidneys by adenylate deaminase
19
Q

what has the highest phosphoryl transfer potential?

A
  • phosphocreatine
20
Q

describe the phosphocreatine system in muscles

A
  • creatine kinase rapidly drives ATP synthesis during hard exercise in a cyclic process
21
Q

what does phosphocreatine outweigh and why is this important?

A
  • outweighs Cr in muscle (2:1) to favour the conversion of Cr and ATP
22
Q

where is creatine located?

A
  • near myosin head
23
Q

how long does phosphocreatine stores last?

A
  • 7 seconds during maximal exercise
24
Q

what is creatine kinase maximal rate of ATP resynthesis?

A
  • 2.6mmol/kg/s
25
Q

is PCr store larger than ATP and which resynthesis is faster?

A
  • PCr stores are 3-4 times lager than ATP
  • resynthesis of PCr stores is slower than ATP
26
Q

what is ATP measurement and what is the demand in exercise?

A
  • ATP is 8mmol/kg/ s
  • maximal demand during exercise is 3mmol/kg/s
27
Q

what does ATP not drop below and why?

A
  • doesn’t drop below 60% of resting levels during exercise
  • due to enzymes myokinase and creatine kinase
28
Q

what provides initial demand of ATP?

A
  • phosphocreatine system
29
Q

why does Pi increase and ADP increase modestly?

A
  • because myokinase reutilises ADP
30
Q

what happens beyond anaerobic pathways?

A
  • ATP also supplied via breakdown of carbohydrates and fats

biochemistry (15 decks)

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