Atomic structure and periodic trends

Question 1

What is the mass of neutrons and protons?

Answer 1

1 amu for both

Question 2

What is the atomic number?

Answer 2

The number of proton (at the top of each element on the periodic table)

Question 3

What is the other name of proton?

Answer 3

Nuclear charge

Question 4

What is the mass number?

Answer 4

Number of proton + Number of neutrons

Question 5

What are isotopes?

Answer 5

They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. So the mass number determines the isotopes (C-12 vs C-13)

Question 6

What is the mass of electrons?

Answer 6

0 amu

Question 7

What happens to the energy of the electron as it is further away from the nucleus?

Answer 7

It increases

Question 8

What is the equation of energy?

Answer 8

E = plank’s constant * frequency = (plank’s constant * speed of light) / wavelength

Question 9

What is the electromagnetic spectrum from decrease energy to increasing energy?

Answer 9

Radio, microwave, infrared, ROYGBV (visible), UV, x-ray and gamma

Question 10

How are electrons excited?

Answer 10

By absorbing a specific amount of photon (energy) to get from ground state to an excited state

Question 11

What is emission?

Answer 11

It is the release of a specific amount of photon to go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.

Question 12

Emission vs absorption spectrum?

Answer 12

Absorption - bright spectrum with dark bands

Emission - dark spectrum with bright bands\

Question 13

Does energy increase with complexity of the orbital shape?

Answer 13

Yes

harder to bike in a figure 8 than in a straight line

Question 14

How many electrons can each orbital hold?

Answer 14

It can hold 2 electrons

Question 15

How many electrons in the s-orbital, p-orbital, d-orbital and f-orbital?

Answer 15

2, 6, 10 and 15

Because p-orbital can be 3 different configurations (3*2)

d-orbital in 5 (5*2) etc..

Question 16

What is the Pauli principle?

Answer 16

It describes the carrying capacity of an orbital

Question 17

What is the Aufbau principle?

Answer 17

It describes how electrons are added to or removed from orbitals of different energy (electrons added from lowest to highest energy. Electrons removed from highest to lowest)

Question 18

What is Hund’s rule?

Answer 18

It describes how electrons are added to or removed from orbitals of the same energy.

Each orbital must be filled in once before coming back to pair them

Question 19

What does paramagentic mean?

Answer 19

It means at least one unpaired electron

Question 20

What does diamagnetic mean?

Answer 20

all electrons are paired

Question 21

Does the 3d orbital get removed first or the 4s orbital?

Answer 21

The 4s orbital