Atomic structure and periodic trends Flashcards
What is the mass of neutrons and protons?
1 amu for both
What is the atomic number?
The number of proton (at the top of each element on the periodic table)
What is the other name of proton?
Nuclear charge
What is the mass number?
Number of proton + Number of neutrons
What are isotopes?
They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. So the mass number determines the isotopes (C-12 vs C-13)
What is the mass of electrons?
0 amu
What happens to the energy of the electron as it is further away from the nucleus?
It increases
What is the equation of energy?
E = plank’s constant * frequency = (plank’s constant * speed of light) / wavelength
What is the electromagnetic spectrum from decrease energy to increasing energy?
Radio, microwave, infrared, ROYGBV (visible), UV, x-ray and gamma
How are electrons excited?
By absorbing a specific amount of photon (energy) to get from ground state to an excited state
What is emission?
It is the release of a specific amount of photon to go from a higher energy level to a lower energy level.
Emission vs absorption spectrum?
Absorption - bright spectrum with dark bands
Emission - dark spectrum with bright bands\
Does energy increase with complexity of the orbital shape?
Yes
harder to bike in a figure 8 than in a straight line
How many electrons can each orbital hold?
It can hold 2 electrons
How many electrons in the s-orbital, p-orbital, d-orbital and f-orbital?
2, 6, 10 and 15
Because p-orbital can be 3 different configurations (3*2)
d-orbital in 5 (5*2) etc..
What is the Pauli principle?
It describes the carrying capacity of an orbital
What is the Aufbau principle?
It describes how electrons are added to or removed from orbitals of different energy (electrons added from lowest to highest energy. Electrons removed from highest to lowest)
What is Hund’s rule?
It describes how electrons are added to or removed from orbitals of the same energy.
Each orbital must be filled in once before coming back to pair them
What does paramagentic mean?
It means at least one unpaired electron
What does diamagnetic mean?
all electrons are paired
Does the 3d orbital get removed first or the 4s orbital?
The 4s orbital
