Atomic structure

Question 1

what is first ionisation energy

Answer 1

the minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in a gaseous state.
To make one mole of gaseous +1 ions

Question 2

what is the relative mass of an electron

Answer 2

1/1840

Question 3

what is a covalent bond

Answer 3

a shared pair of electrons

Question 4

what is a dative/co-ordinate covalent bond

Answer 4

a covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons comes from one atom

Question 5

what is electrospray ionisation

Answer 5

sample dissolved volatile solvent
pushed through needle high pressure
voltage applied each particle loses electron
solvent removed leaving gas of unipositive ions

Question 6

what is acceleration is spectroscopy

Answer 6

positive ions accelerated by an electric field

smaller ion higher velocity

Question 7

what is ion drift

Answer 7

ions leave the electric field different velocities
depending charge to mass ratio
heavier particle lower speed
greater time to reach detector

Question 8

what is detection

Answer 8

ions create current when thye reach detector
the detector records time taken to hit detector
and current
greater isotope abundance larger current

Question 9

what is relative atomic mass Ar

Answer 9

the average mass of an element on a scale where an atom of carbon 12 is exactly 12

Question 10

what is relative molecular mass Mr

Answer 10

the average mass of a molecule on a scale where an atom of carbon 12 is exactly 12

Question 11

what are the 3 rules for electron configurations

Answer 11

electrons fill up from lowest energy level first
electrons fill orbitals of the same energy singly first due to repulsion
no atomic orbital can old more than 2 electrons

Question 12

what are the 3 factors affecting ionisation energy

Answer 12

nuclear charge
distance from nucleus
shielding