Alkenes and alcohols Flashcards
what is an alkene
an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a C=C bond
why are alkenes unsaturated
as they can make two more bonds with extra atoms
in addition reactions
what is an electrophile
an electron pair acceptor
why are alkenes reactive
due to their high electron density in their C=C bond
how do you test for alkenes
by adding bromine water and shaking if it goes colourless from orange alkenes are present
why are carbocations with more alkyl groups more stable
as the alkyl groups feed electrons towards the positive charge
what product will be formed more often
more stable carbocations more likely to be formed than less stable ones
so more of the product via stable carbocation
what are polymers
long chain molecules formed when lots of monomers join together
how are addition polymers formed
via addition polymerisation
why are polymers chemically inert/unreactive
as they are non polar
saturated molecules
what are the properties of longer less branched polymers
they are more rigid and stronger
why is pvc a hard but brittle material
PVC is hard but brittle due to the fact
it contains permenant dipole dipole forces between polymer chains
what do plasticisers do
modifies polymers properites
making them more flexible as they reduce strength of intermolecular forces inbetween the chains
what are the conditions for the hydration of ethene
phosphoric acid catalyst
60atm pressure
573K temperature
what are the conditions for fermentation of glucose
anaerobic conditions
30-40 degrees
yeast
