Atherosclerotic Plaque

Question 1

Macrophages

Answer 1

plaque-forming foam cells

Question 2

Dendritic cells are found in endovascular wall.

Answer 2

DCs are the classical antigen-presenting cells of our immune system and efficient stimulators of -B and T-cells.

Question 3

Dendritic cells upregulate

Answer 3

CD80, CD86, or CD40

Question 4

Dendritic cells

Answer 4

CD40 receptor

Question 5

CD40 Ligand

Answer 5

Expressed in platelets

T-cells, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells express this protein,

Question 6

Atherosclerosis reduced

Answer 6

Interleukin 1beta inhibition

CD40/CD40L, disruption

Question 7

CD40 ligand

Answer 7

Transmembrane glycoprotein (belongs to TNF family) present in granules of the resting platelet and T cells.
Binds to CD40 on dendritic cells and release pro inflammatory cytokines.

Question 8

Atherosclerosis

Answer 8

immunoinflammatory responses

Question 9

Activated T cells involved in atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 9

Th1, Th2, or natural killer T

Question 10

Inside atherosclerosis contains higher. Levels of:

Answer 10

sCD40L/sCD40 and interferon-y concentrations

Question 11

T regulatory cells

Answer 11

CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells,

Question 12

Interleukin-1 beta plays a role in development of atherothrombotic plaque
NEJM 9/21/2017 vol 377 No 12

Answer 12

Induction of procoagulant activity
Promoting monocytes & leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells
Promotes growth of vascular smooth muscle

Question 13

Macrophages become

Answer 13

Foam cells in atherosclerotic plaque

Question 14

NEJM 8/31/3024

We found that a single combined measure of high-sensitivity CRP, LDL cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a)

Answer 14

colchicine (0.5 mg daily), approved by the FDA for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease and for primary prevention in high-risk patients.5 Other antiinflammatory agents, including interleukin-6 inhibitors, are currently under investigation in large-scale trials,22 and both sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists have been shown to lower high-sensitivity CRP levels and reduce the incidence of vascular events.