Asthma Flashcards
Genetic factors in asthma
HLA alleles, FceRE-B, IL-4 gene mutations, CD14 gene mutations
Cytokines produced by TH2 cells
IL-13, IL-4, IL-5,
Cytokine responsible for eosinophil differentiation and survival
IL-5
Cells that produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in non-TH2 asthma
ILC2
Type of asthma that is caused by triggers in the environment that are not allergens and do not trigger allergic response
T2 Low asthma
Cytokine that recruits eosinophils to the airway
IL-13
Cytokine that causes IgE production by B-Cells
IL-4
Immunoglobulin that activates mast cells and basophils
IgE
Indirect bronchial challenge methods that increase the osmolarity of the airway surface releasing mediators from mast cells or basophils
Exercise testing, isocapneic hyperpnea, hypertonic saline, mannitol
Indirect bronchial challenge method that activates A2b receptors on mast cells
Adenosine-5’-monophosphate (AMP)
Indirect bronchial challenge testing that directly stimulates the sensory nerves in the airways
Sulfur dioxide, Bradykinin, Allergens
How indirect bronchial challenge testing compares to direct
More specific but less sensitive, correlates better with inflammation, more predictive of anti-inflammatory response
Substance produced by airway epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells in the lungs
Nitric oxide
Class of medications that will NOT affect nitric oxide level
Anti-IL-5
4 types of T2 asthma
Allergic, Late onset eosinophilic, exercise induced, and aspirin exacerbated
3 types of non-t2-asthma
obesity associated, smooth muscle mediated paucigranulocytic, smoking related
Mild FeNO levels
< 25
Moderate FeNO levels
26-49
High FeNO levels
> 50
Low eosinophil count in asthma
<150
Moderate eosinophil count in asthma
151-399
Severe eosinophil count in asthma
> 400
Low IgE levels
< 30
Moderate IgE levels
31-149
High IgE levels
> 150
High Sputum eosinophil level
> 3%
High serum periostin level
> 50
High DPP-4 level
whatever is > the median
Diagnostic criteria for exercise induced asthma
symptoms with provocation by exercise or exercise test with a 15% change in PEF or FEV1
Asthma type characterized with nasal polyps, elevated eosinophils and IgG4 levels
Aspirin induced asthma
Gene mutation associated with aspirin induced asthma
HLADPB1*0301
Frequency of daytime symptoms in intermittent asthma
< 2 days per week
Frequency of nighttime symptoms in intermittent asthma
< 2 x per month
Frequency of daytime symptoms in mild asthma
> 2 days per week but not daily
Frequency of nighttime symptoms in mild asthma
2-4 x per month
Frequency of daytime symptom in moderate asthma
daily
Frequency of nighttime symptoms in moderate asthma
> 1 x per week but not nightly
Frequency of daytime symptoms in severe asthma
Throughout the day
Frequency of nighttime symptoms in severe asthma
Nightly
Max dose methylcholine for a methylcholine challenge
16 mg/ml
Level of methylcholine that will cause a positive reaction in most with hyperresponsive airway
8 mg/ml
4 causes of chronic cough
upper airway cough syndrome (UACS)
Asthma
Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis
GERD
