Assignment

Question 1

Title:

Question 2

Aim:

Answer 2

Test tubes were set up with hydrogen peroxide, catalase and detergent. The height of foam was then measured after a set amount of time.

Question 3

Underlying Biology:

Answer 3

Proteins are made from a sequence of amino acids. The variety of protein shapes and functions arise from the order of amino acids in the chain. Proteins have many functions such as structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and receptors. Enzymes function as biological catalysts and are made by all living cells. A catalyst will:
-speed up a chemical reaction;
-remain chemically unchanged after the reaction;
-lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
Enzyme action can be summarised using the following equation:
Enzyme
Substrate —————>Product
During a chemical reaction, the reactant that an enzyme will work on is known as the SUBSTRATE. The substance formed is known as the PRODUCT. The part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate is called the active site. The active site of each type of enzyme has a different shape from any other type of enzyme so that it will only bind to one type of substrate. This makes enzymes SPECIFIC to one type of substrate. An enzyme will catalyse only one specific reaction. Just like a key will on work on a specific lock. Enzymes are involved in degradation and synthesis reactions. A degradation reaction is the breakdown of a large molecule into a small molecule(s). An example of a degradation reaction is starch breaking down into maltose using the enzyme amylase:
Amylase
Starch——————>maltose
A synthesis reaction is when small molecules are built up to form a larger molecule. An example of a synthesis reaction is glucose-6-phosphate building up to form starch using the enzyme phosphorylase:
Phosphorylase
Glucose-6-phosphate————————starch
Degradation diagram, synthesis diagram.
Enzymes and other proteins are affected by temperature and PH. An enzyme is most active given certain conditions. These conditions are known as the optimum conditions. In certain conditions, an enzyme can become denatured. This is where the shape of the active site changes and will no longer all the substrate to reaction. In this experiment, at low temperatures, the molecules move slowly so the reaction is slow and the high temperatures denature the enzyme.

Question 4

Method:

Answer 4

Test tubes were set up with hydrogen peroxide, catalase and detergent. The height of foam was then measured after a set amount of time.

Question 5

Graph phrase:

Answer 5

*This graph used catalase activity while we used height of foam produced. This is a measure of the activity of the enzyme as it shows the oxygen produced.

Question 6

Underlying Biology: Pt 1

Answer 6

Proteins are made from a sequence of amino acids. The variety of protein shapes and functions arise from the order of amino acids in the chain. Proteins have many functions such as structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and receptors. Enzymes function as biological catalysts and are made by all living cells. A catalyst will:
-speed up a chemical reaction;
-remain chemically unchanged after the reaction;
-lower the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
Enzyme action can be summarised using the following equation:
Enzyme
Substrate —————>Product

Question 7

Underlying Biology: Pt 2

Answer 7

During a chemical reaction, the reactant that an enzyme will work on is known as the SUBSTRATE. The substance formed is known as the PRODUCT. The part of the enzyme that binds to the substrate is called the active site. The active site of each type of enzyme has a different shape from any other type of enzyme so that it will only bind to one type of substrate. This makes enzymes SPECIFIC to one type of substrate. An enzyme will catalyse only one specific reaction. Just like a key will on work on a specific lock. Enzymes are involved in degradation and synthesis reactions. A degradation reaction is the breakdown of a large molecule into a small molecule(s). An example of a degradation reaction is starch breaking down into maltose using the enzyme amylase:
Amylase
Starch——————>maltose
A synthesis reaction is when small molecules are built up to form a larger molecule. An example of a synthesis reaction is glucose-6-phosphate building up to form starch using the enzyme phosphorylase:
Phosphorylase
Glucose-6-phosphate————————starch
Degradation diagram, synthesis diagram.

Question 8

Underlying Biology: Pt 3

Answer 8

Enzymes and other proteins are affected by temperature and PH. An enzyme is most active given certain conditions. These conditions are known as the optimum conditions. In certain conditions, an enzyme can become denatured. This is where the shape of the active site changes and will no longer all the substrate to reaction. In this experiment, at low temperatures, the molecules move slowly so the reaction is slow and the high temperatures denature the enzyme.