Unit 1: Genetic Engineering From Achieve

Question 1

Describe the stages of genetic engineering including the role of enzymes

Answer 1

Genetic engineering is the transfer of genetic information from one cell to another.

Genetic information can be transferred within the same species or a different species.

The stages of genetic engineering are:

Identify the required gene from the source chromosome.
Extract the required gene.
Extract the plasmid from the bacterial cell.
insert the required gene into the bacterial plasmid.
Insert the plasmid into the host bacterial cell.
The bacterial cell reproduces producing the required protein.
The bacterial cell is now called a genetically modified organism (GM organism).

Enzymes are used to remove the required gene from the source chromosomes and insert the gene into the plasmid.

Question 2

Give examples of useful products produced by genetic engineering

Answer 2

There are many examples of products produced by genetic engineering here are just a few examples:

Insulin for the treatment of diabetes
Factor VIII for the treatment of haemophilia.
Growth hormone.
Vitamin A in genetically engineered in rice.