Assessment of the Lungs and Thorax Flashcards
1
Q
When would tactile fremitus increase?
A
when the patient has an advanced case of pneumonia
2
Q
Subcutaneous Emphysema
A
when gas or air is in the layer under the skin
3
Q
Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds
A
- inspiration to expiration periods are equal
- normal sounds in the mid-chest area or in the posterior chest between the scapula
4
Q
Vesicular Breath Sounds
A
- heard across the lung surface
- lower-pitched, rustling sounds with higher intensity during inspiration
- Inspiration is normally 2-3 times the length of expiration
5
Q
Broncheal Breath Sounds
A
- over the trachea
- higher pitch
- louder
- inspiration and expiration are equal and there is a pause between inspiration and expiration
6
Q
Tracheal Breath Sounds
A
- sounds heard over the sternum
- louder and higher-pitched than vesicular sounds
- expiratory phase is as long as or longer than the inspiratory phase
7
Q
Crackles
A
- “rales”
- occurs on inspiration
- fine
- coarse
8
Q
Wheezes
A
- “ronchi”
- occurs on expiration
9
Q
Stridor
A
- inspiration
- high-pitched, wheezing sound
- “musical”
- caused by block in trachea
10
Q
Atelectatic Crackles
A
Late inspiratory crackles
11
Q
How far do the lungs expand?
A
from apex of axilla down to 7th or 8th rib
12
Q
Developmental Conditions: Aging Adult
A
- costal cartilages become calcified
- muscle strength declines
- decrease elasticity within lungs
- increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications
- increased AP diameter “kyphosis”
- care with auscultation (allow rest periods)
13
Q
Developmental Considerations: Infants and Children
A
- airways are smaller, cartilage is more elastic
- increased risk for airway obstruction related to disease processes
- smaller children tend to be abdominal breathers
- tongue is larger compared their airway (obstruction risk is higher)
- nasal breathing (mostly neonates)
- AP 1:1 in neonates
14
Q
APGARS
A
test after birth to see how baby handled the birthing process
15
Q
How long should you listen to a child’s resps?
A
- 1 min (too irregular for 30sec)
16
Q
Developmental Considerations: Pregnant Women
A
- thoracic cage may appear wider
- more “aware” of breathing
- respirations may be deeper with other changes occurring in the body
- costal angle increases
- rib injury
