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Psychiatry > ASD > Flashcards

ASD Flashcards

1
Q

What does ASD stand for?

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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2
Q

What is autism?

A

Problems with . . .

  1. Social communication and interaction.

AND

  1. Restricted/repetitive patterns of thinking.
    (a di-ad now, not a triad)
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3
Q

What does spectrum imply?

A

A range of types and severities of presentations unified by overlying symptom themes

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4
Q

With ADHD, there is a continuum into ….

A

Normal population

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5
Q

The cut-off for diagnosis can be ….

A

Subjective and subject to social constructionism

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6
Q

How many people have ASD?

A

1 in 68

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7
Q

Who gets ASD more, boys or girls?

A

Boys

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8
Q

What is diagnosis based on?

A

History + examination

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9
Q

What are the 2 key areas that DSM-5 covers?

A
  1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction.
  2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities.
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10
Q

When must symptoms be present for a diagnosis to be made?

A

In the early developmental period

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11
Q

Describe the social motivation of those with ASD.

A
  • Typically, those with ASD are described as ‘aloof.’
  • Lack ‘theory of mind.’
  • Only interested in people to meet needs.
  • Happy with own company.
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12
Q

Describe the social ability of those with ASD.

A
  • Problems with reading and transmitting social cues.

* Overlaps with fixed thinking style: metaphor, irony and social rituals are confusing.

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13
Q

Deficits in social communication and interaction encompasses what 2 things?

A
  1. Social motivation

2. Social ability

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14
Q

Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities encompasses what 2 things?

A
  1. Inflexible/systematic thinking

2. Restrictive/repetitive behaviours

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15
Q

Describe inflexible + systematic thinking.

A
  • Problems with social fit.
  • Change/transitions often very distressing.
  • Leads to interests in systematic or logical themes. (IT, maths, engineering, collecting)
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16
Q

Describe restrictive + repetitive behaviours.

A
  • Need for routine and repetition.
  • Collections.
  • Stereotypies and stimming (characteristic repetitive movements).
17
Q

Outline the 4 language deficits of someone with ASD.

A
  • No speech
  • Confuse pronouns
  • Odd prosody
  • Echolalia
18
Q

What are the most common sensory differences to do with?

A

Sounds and textures

19
Q

What is severe autism often co-morbid with?

A
  • LD (hard to separate sometimes).
  • Language and other developmental problems.
  • Hyperactivity.
  • Behavioural issues, such as repeated self-harm.
20
Q

What is mild autism often co-morbid with?

A
  • Inattention/poor organisation
  • Anxiety and mood disorders
  • Dyspraxia
21
Q

Is there a genetic component to ASD?

A

YES

22
Q

Outline the genetic component of ASD.

A
  1. Commonly, there is an affected relative (broader phenotype).
  2. 20% of siblings of people with ASD will also meet diagnostic criteria.
  3. But no single gene explanation
23
Q

There is one single gene explanation for ASD.

A

FALSE

24
Q

What is ASD generally considered as?

A

A global inherent deficit

25
Q

Early diagnosis is key to reducing various factors, outline these factors.

A
  • Earlier identification of needs.
  • More appropriate treatment for the child.
  • Better educational planning.
  • Decreased family stress.
26
Q

Are there any biological markers for ASD?

A

NO

27
Q

-There is no non-medication intervention that does what?

A

Treat the core symptoms of autism

28
Q

What is the aim of non-pharmacological management?

A

To lessen associated deficits and family distress, and to increase quality of life and functional independence.

29
Q

What can be used short term for significant aggression, tantrums or self-injury?

A

Risperidone/ Aripiprazole.

30
Q

What can be used to treat ADHD symptoms?

A

Methylphenidate.

31
Q

THERE IS NO MEDICATION INTERVENTION THAT TREATS THE CORE SX OF AUTISM

A

TRUE :(

Psychiatry (31 decks)

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