Ascites And Edema Flashcards
What all needs to be working in harmony for fluid homestasis?
- Intravascular hydrostatic pressure
- Plasma oncotic pressure
- Extravascular hydrostatic pressure
- Interstitial oncotic pressure
- Vascular permeability
- Lymphatic function
What are the mechanisms of edema formation?
- Increased hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
- Increased capillary permeability
- Lymphatic dysfunction
What causes of increased hydrostatic pressure?
- Increased plasma volume
- Venous obstruction
What causes decreased plasma oncotic pressure?
- Protein loss
- Reduced albumin synthesis
What causes increased capillary permeability?
- Allergic reactions including angioedema
- Inflammation secondary to neoplasia
- Septicemia
- Envenomation
- Burns
- Trauma
- Myxedema
What are causes of lymphatic dysfunction?
- Lymph node hypoplasia or aplasia
- Lymph node destruction due to malignancy
What are the two types of peripheral edema?
Pitting and Non-pitting edema
What are the characteristics of pitting edema?
- Increased hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
- Inflammation
- Lymphedema
What are the characteristics of non-pitting edema?
- Mechanical or chemical trauma
- Post-surgical or traumatic swelling
- Chronic lymphedema
- Myxedema
Pitting edema is defined as
Displacement of fluid within the interstitial space
What are some diagnostics you can do for ascites and edema?
CBC/chemistry, UA, Abdominal imaging, thoracic imaging
What are the different types of abdominal effusion?
- Low protein transudate
- Modified transudate
- Exudate
- Chyle
- Blood
What type of effusion is associated with the following?
- Increased hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased oncotic pressure
Low-Protein Transudate
What type of imaging should you do for abdominal effusion?
Radiographs and Ultrasound (AFAST)
