Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Internal Medicine > Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are pros to appropriate use of antibiotics?

A

Improves patient outcome, helps prevent antimicrobial resistance, prevents suppression of resident microflora and intestinal dysbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When is prophylactic antibiotic administration beneficial?

A
  • Contaminated wounds
  • Surgical procedures with expected contamination
  • Surgery in immunosuppressed patients
  • Severely neutropenic patients
  • Prolonged surgical procedures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What should be considered when selecting antibiotics?

A
  • What type of bacteria is most likely present?
  • Which types of antibiotics will reach therapeutic concentrations in the tissue of interest?
  • What are the side effects associated with these antibiotics?
  • Can the antibiotic be given as prescribed?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the considerations when prescribing antibiotics?

A
  • Route of administration
  • Frequency
  • Dosage and volume
  • Formulation
  • Duration
  • Cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name some examples of beta-lactams

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary mechanism for resistance with beta-lactams?

A

Bacterial production of beta-lactamase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Penicillins are effective against which bacteria?

A

Gram positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two beta-lactamase inhibitors?

A

Clavulanate and sulbactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cephalosporins are most effective against what kind of bacteria (for 1st and 3rd gen)?

A

1st: Gram positive aerobic bacteria
3rd: Gram negative aerobic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are side effects of beta-lactams?

A
  • V/D and anorexia
  • Hypersensitivity (hives, swelling, fever, etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name some examples of aminoglycosides

A

Neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aminoglycosides are effective against what type of bacteria?

A

Gram negative aerobic bacilli (e. Coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas, enterobacter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should Aminoglycosides NOT be used?

A

For abscesses or granulomatous infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some examples of fluoroquinolones?

A

Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, orbifloxacin, ciprofloxain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluoroquinolones are effective against what kind of bacteria?

A

Gram negative aerobes and facultative anaerobic bacteria

17
Q

What are some side effects of fluoroquinolones?

A
  • V/D and anorexia
  • retinal blindness in cats
  • rapid IV infusion may lead to hypotension
  • seizures with high doses o
18
Q

Name a sulfonamide

A

Trimethoprim-sulfa

19
Q

What are sulfonamides effective against?

A

Gram positive and gram negative aerobic bacteria

20
Q

What are some side effects of sulfonamides?

A

Hypothyroidism, KCS, blood dyscrasias, Polyarthritis, glomerulonephritis

21
Q

Name some examples of macrolides and lincosamides

A

Macrolides: erthryomycin and azithromycin
Lincosamides: Clindamycin

22
Q

What are macrolides most effective against?

A

Gram positive bacteria

23
Q

What are lincosamides most effective against?

A

Gram positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria

24
Q

What is metronidazole most effective against?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

25
Q

What are side effects of metronidazole?

A

Anxiety and behavioral changes, and vestibular signs

26
Q

Chloramphenicol has a broad spectrum of activity against which bacteria?

A

Gram positives, gram negatives, and anaerobic bacteria

27
Q

What is a side effect of chloramphenicol that affects humans?

A

Irreversible bone marrow suppression (aplastic anemia) in humans

28
Q

What are some examples of tetracyclines?

A

Doxycline, minocycline, and tetracycline

29
Q

What are tetracyclines most effective against?

A

Gram positive and gram negative bacteria

30
Q

What do tetracyclines primarily treat?

A

Tick-borne infections, feline chlamydiosis, mycoplasma, salmon poisoning disease, leptospirosis

31
Q

Urinary tract pathogens are often caused by what?

A

Microflora of the intestinal tract, lower urogenital tract, or skin

32
Q

Name drugs that will concentrate well in the urine

A

Penicillins, TMS, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Cephalosporins, and nitrofurantoin

33
Q

Name some antibiotics that accumulate in airway secretions for respiratory infections

A

Doxycycline, flurorquinolones, Clindamycin, TMS, and erythromycin

34
Q

What bacteria is the most common isolate from integument infections?

A

Staphylococcus

Small Animal Internal Medicine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions