AS FP2 : Economic and social developments ; War communism - effects

Question 1

Conceptual Awareness - The NEP

How much had total industrial output fallen by by 1921 - why was this?

Answer 1

c20%
Transport systems were disrupted by the fighting and management failed to get factories working efficiently - production declined.

Question 2

Conceptual Awareness - The NEP

How much had Petrograd and Moscow’s populations declined by by the end of 1920 - why was this?

Answer 2

Petrograd’s population had fallen by 57.5% and Moscow’s had fallen by 44.%

–> Disease was rampant and many attempted to flee the country in search of food (despite internal passports being introduced to stop emmigration).

Question 3

Conceptual Awareness - The NEP

When was the famine?

Answer 3

1921

Question 4

Conceptual Awareness - The NEP

What were the causes of the 1921 Famine?

Answer 4

• The combination of harsh requistioning and attack on kulaks in the countryside had brought grain supplies down to dangerous levels
• In 1920 there was an acute food shortage as insufficient grain was planted ; a third of land had been abandoned to grass and cattle and horses had been slaughtered by hungry peasants
• When the hearvest of 1921 produced only 48% of that of 1913 there was a widespread famine

Question 5

What did Russia’s population decline from and to between 1913 and 1921?

Answer 5

170.9 million in 1913 to 130.9 by 1921