AS FP2 : Economic and social developments; conditions in the cities and countryside during the Civil War Flashcards
Conceptual Awareness for understanding why war communism was introduced
What brought rampant inflation during the Civil War?
- Industrial production fell back drastically as disrupted communications meant raw materials were in short-supply.
- Workers were taken off to serve in the army
- Non-essential businesses were forced to close.
What did peasants revert back to due to money rapidly becoming worthless?
Substinence farming (only growing enough for themselves)
What was happening in the cities due to shortages?
Urban dwellers facing a severe shortage of food, fuel and basic necessities left some stripping their own houses for wood to keep warm during winter.
What was the bread ration in Petrograd due to the Foreign Blockade and the loss of Ukraine?
Bread ration was only 50 grammes per person per day.
What portion of food in the cities came from the black market?
2/3
According to Beryl Williams what percentage of the Petrograd workforce had left the city by April 1918?
60%
Between January 1917 and January 1919 how much did Russia’s urban population decline by?
It declined from 3.6 million to 1.4 million.
How many people died from starvation and disease during the civil war - how does this compare to the number of deaths during combat?
5 million people died from starvation and disease whereas only 35,000 were killed in action.
How many times did Kiev change hands?
16 times
What were the Russian people subject to in the villages?
Atrocities - whole villages were wiped out in Ukraine, rape and murder were common with pogroms carried out against Jews.
