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ZoBot > Arthropods And Echinoderms > Flashcards

Arthropods And Echinoderms Flashcards

0
Q

What new structure developed because of the stiffened exoskeleton?

A

Joints

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1
Q

What two things stiffen the cuticle?

A

Protein and chitin

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2
Q

What new process arose because of te stiffened exoskeleton?

A

Molting

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3
Q

What do joints do

A

Permit flexibility

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4
Q

What does molting do

A

Allow for continual growth

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5
Q

What kind of coelom do crustaceans have?

A

A hemocoel

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6
Q

What replaced the hydrostatic skeleton?

A

Open sinuses

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7
Q

Are motile cilia present in arthropods?

A

No, everything is muscle drive

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8
Q

What is arthrpodization

A

Modification of annelid body plan to current body plan.

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9
Q

What kind of coelom do arthropods have?

A

Eucoelomate

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10
Q

What kind of symmetry do arthropods have?

A

Bilateral

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11
Q

Where are arthropods found.

A

Everywhere.

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12
Q

What is the mode of nutrition for arthropods?

A

All modes present, but especially detrivores.

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13
Q

What kind of body cavity development do arthropods have?

A

Protostome

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14
Q

Arthropod modes of nutrition

A

All

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15
Q

Most conspicuous characteristic of arthropod

A

Exoskeleton

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16
Q

Tagmata

A

Fused Somites that form specialized groups

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17
Q

Benefits of arthropods to humans

A

Food, pollination, medicines, textiles

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18
Q

Harmful arthropod effects

A

Disease transmission, parasites, competitors

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19
Q

What makes up the exoskeleton/cuticle of arthropods

A

Chitin and protein

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20
Q

Two layers of arthropod cuticle

A

Epicuticle and procuticle

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21
Q

Epi cuticle

A

Outer thin layer

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22
Q

Procuticle

A

Inner thicker layer

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23
Q

What layers make up procuticle

A

Exo cuticle (secreted before molt), endocuticle (secreted after molt)

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24
Q

Ecdysis

A

Process of molting

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25
Q

Tracheal system

A

Tube system that delivers oxygen to cells of terrestrial arthropods

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26
Q

How does tracheal system limit body size

A

Once a creature surpasses a certain size the amount of tubes needed is too many.

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27
Q

What do aquatic arthropods use to respirate?

A

Gills

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28
Q

What do compound eyes allow for?

A

Multiple images to be seen

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29
Q

4 arthropod subphylum

A

Trilobita, chelicerata, Crustacea, uniramia

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30
Q

Chelicerata characteristics

A

6 pairs of appendages (fangs, foot hands, and 4 legs); no mandibles or antennae; suck liquid food from prey

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31
Q

Chelicerata nutritional mode

A

Carnivore or parasite

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32
Q

Chelicerata Tagmata

A

Cephalothorax

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33
Q

Cephalothorax

A

Fused head and abdomen

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34
Q

Chelicerae

A

Fangs.

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35
Q

Pedipalps

A

Little feet hands

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36
Q

Spider feeding process

A

Capture in web, bite, inject, drink.

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37
Q

Order araneae

A

Spiders

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38
Q

Book lungs

A

Used by spiders, lungs with extra surface area

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39
Q

Rectal gland

A

Re absorbs water from waste before excretion.

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40
Q

How many spider eyes

A

Usually 8 simple

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41
Q

Best and worst spider sense

A

Best is touch/vibration worst is sight

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42
Q

Spinnerets

A

Creates the web for spiders

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43
Q

Scleroprotein

A

Hardens web as it leaves the spinneret in spiders.

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44
Q

Silk thread functions for spiders

A

Egg sacs, reproduction, feeding

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45
Q

Spider mating

A

Male wraps sperm into web and tries to put it in genital openings of the female which are on her stomach.

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46
Q

Spider benefits

A

Control pest population

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47
Q

Spider drawbacks

A

Venomous

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48
Q

Neurotoxin

A

Found in black widow. Attacks nervous system.

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49
Q

Hemotoxin

A

Found in brown recluse. Attacks blood.

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50
Q

Order scorpionida

A

Scorpions

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51
Q

Scorpion habitat

A

Deserts or dry tropical

52
Q

Scorpion nutritional mode

A

Carnivore eat insects and spiders

53
Q

Scorpion feeding explained

A

Locate prey by detecting surface waves in sand, grab with cheliped and sting with stingers, use chelicerae to tear apart.

54
Q

Scorpion body

A

Appendages attach to cephalothorax. 7 segments on preabdomen. Five segmented postabdomen tail.

55
Q

Scorpion reproduction

A

Male does mating dance making female brush against spermatophore

56
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Eggs hatch in mother and eggs leave her body

57
Q

Vivaporous

A

No eggs, young grow in mother

58
Q

Oviparous

A

Young grow in eggs

59
Q

Order opiliones

A

Harvestmen or daddy long legs

60
Q

Order Acari

A

Ticks and mites

61
Q

Acari habitat

A

Aquatic and terrestrial

62
Q

Main characteristic of Crustacea

A

2 pairs of antennae

63
Q

How many appendages per Somites of Crustacea

A

1

64
Q

Biramous

A

Appendages have two main branches.

65
Q

Crustacean Tagmata

A

Head thorax abdomen

66
Q

Carapace

A

Specialized cuticle covering of the body. Found in crustaceans.

67
Q

What three substances are in crustacean cuticle

A

Chitin protein calcareous material

68
Q

Serial Homology

A

Once similar structures that have evolved to serve different task.

69
Q

First antennae

A

Touch taste equilibrium

70
Q

Second antennae

A

Touch taste

71
Q

Mandible

A

Crushing food

72
Q

First maxilla

A

Food handling

73
Q

Cheliped

A

Offense or defense.

74
Q

Walking legs

A

Walk

75
Q

Second maxillae

A

Drawing water currents into gills

76
Q

Maxillipeds

A

Touch taste food handling

77
Q

First swimmeret (male)

A

Transfer soerm

78
Q

First swimmeret (female)

A

Creates water current to aerate eggs and carry eggs or young

79
Q

Uropod and telson

A

Swimming and egg protection

80
Q

Hemocoel

A

Space in crustacean filled with blood

81
Q

Crustacean muscular system

A

Striated muscles everywhere.

82
Q

Flexors

A

Draw limbs closer to body

83
Q

Extenders

A

Straighten limbs out

84
Q

Abdominal flexors

A

Allow crayfish to swim backward

85
Q

Where are mandible muscles located

A

On sides of the stomach in crustaceans

86
Q

Crustacean respiratory system

A

Small ones exchange across leg cuticle, large ones have feathery leg gills

87
Q

Crustacean circulatory system

A

Open system.

88
Q

Ameboid cells

A

Help function in clotting of crustacean blood.

89
Q

Hemolymph

A

Blood

90
Q

Antennal glands

A

Base of antennae of crustaceans. Help excrete waste

91
Q

Maxillary glands

A

By base of second maxilla. Helps excrete waste.

92
Q

Crustacean nervous system

A

Supraesophageal ganglia act as brain. Connect to eyes and antennae.

Subesophageal ganglia join below brain and supply nerves to the mouth, appendages, esophagus, and antennae glands.

93
Q

Crustacean reproduction

A

Most are dioecious but some are mono

94
Q

What triggers ecdysis

A

Temp change, daylight change

95
Q

Cardiac stomach in crustaceans

A

Upper part, has three teeth called gastric mill, grinds up food.

96
Q

Pyloric stomach in crustaceans.

A

Second part, filters out food particles.

97
Q

Subphylum uniramia

A

Insects, centipede, millipedes

98
Q

Class Chilopoda

A

Centipedes. Each have one pair legs per body segment. 2 legs on last segment.

99
Q

Class Diplopoda

A

Millipedes, 2 pairs legs per segment

100
Q

Mode nutrition for centipedes

A

Carnivore

101
Q

Nutritional mode millipedes

A

Saprotrophic or herbivore

102
Q

Class insecta

A

Insects. DUH.

103
Q

Top 4 insect characteristics

A

Flight
Small size
Well protected and dispersed eggs
Aggressive nature

104
Q

Insect mode of nutrition

A

Everything except filter feeders

105
Q

Three parts of insect thorax

A

Prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax

106
Q

Hindwings

A

Thin membrane like wings located on metathorax. Good for taking off and flight.

107
Q

Fore wings

A

Located on mesothorax. Thick and hard plates, protective.

108
Q

Foregut

A 
Breaks down food. 
Mouth
Salivary gland
Pharynx
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
109
Q

Midgut

A

Digest and absorbs nutrients.
Stomach
Proventriculus
Gastric ceca (works like a liver)

110
Q

Hindgut

A

Absorbs water and excretes.
Intestine
Rectum
Anus

111
Q

Insect circulatory system

A

Has a heart that pushes blood through dorsal aorta. (Only blood vessel)
Heartbeat uses peristalsis.

112
Q

Spiracles

A

Opening on insect abdomen that connects to trachea.

113
Q

Insect respiration

A

Spiracles let oxygen into trachea which branch into tracheoles. Reaches cells directly.

114
Q

Insect excretory system

A

Malpighian tubules that work like kidneys and rental gland.

115
Q

Insect nervous system

A

Have fused ganglia and neurosecratory cells.

116
Q

Insect sense organs

A

Sensillum, tympanum, chemoreceptors, simple and compound eyes.

117
Q

Tympanum

A

Detect sound from air. Located on metathorax.

118
Q

Sensillum

A

Hair like setae. Located on antennae, legs, and body. Detest touch pressure and vibrations.

119
Q

What do chemoreceptors help with?

A 
Feeding 
Mating
Defense
Habitat selection 
Host detection 
Chemical repellant
120
Q

Indirect development

A

Young do not resemble adults

121
Q

Two types of indirect development

A

Holometabolous metamorphosis

Hemimetabolous metamorphosis

122
Q

Holometabolous metamorphosis

A

Eggs
Larva
Pupa
Adult

123
Q

Hemimetabolous metamorphosis

A

Egg
Nymph
Adult

124
Q

Direct development

A

Young resemble the adult.

Egg- juvenile - adult

125
Q

Diapause

A

Period of dormancy in life cycle. Preprogrammed. Happens no matter the conditions.

126
Q

Hibernation

A

Winter diapause

127
Q

Estivation

A

Summer dormancy

ZoBot (11 decks)

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