Arthrology & Synovial Structures Flashcards
Classification of joints
Fibrous jts, Cartilaginous jts, Synovial jts
Joint
junction between 2+ bones, (articulations)
Fibrous jts. generalities
Stabilize
Fibrous connective tissue
Types of Fibrous jts
Suture
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis
Suture fibrous jts
bones are knit together. gap b/n filled with f. tissue (skull)
Gomphosis Fibrous jts
‘bolt or nail.’
b/n roots of teeth and bone. f. tissue hold teeth in socket.
Syndesmosis fibrous jts
‘togeter’ + ‘fibrous.’
NOT common.
the border b/n metacarpal/metatarsal bones. don’t move relative to each other. [move as a unit]
Cartilaginous jts. types
Symphysis
Synchondrosis
Symphysis cartilaginous jts
fibrocartilage
pelvic symphysis: fibrous tissue ossifies caudal to cranial as dog ages
madibular symphysis: doesn’t completely ossify in dogs
Synchorndrosis Cartilaginous jts
made of True hyaline cartilage (organized extracellular matrix)
Sacroiliac jt.
Synovial joints
provide mobility
no direct union (articular cartilage indirectly united by jt capsule)
Layers of joint capsule
Synovial membrane, fibrous membrane
Function of synovial membrane
create lubrication, maintain synovial fluid, and support cartilage in jt
Synovial fluid
tacky, thick substance that lubricates jt. to prevent friction
nourishes articular cartilage
Fibrous membrane function
outer shell of jt capsule.
give jt. capsule strength
components of Fibrous Membrane
collagenous connective tissue –> gives strength
Elastic fibers –> allows stretch in jt.
General info about Synovial membrane
highly folded (lots of surface area)
very vascular
highly innervated
Ligaments and Synovial jts
support jt. capsule in direction we don’t want movement
Types of Ligaments
Extracapsular
Intracapsular
Extracapsular ligaments
(collateral ligaments)
thickening fibrous mem on medial/lateral sides
outer side thickens
Intracapsular Ligaments
stabilize but also want to allow some range of motion
found INSIDE jt cavity
Job of other synovial structures
protect tendons from friction as they cross something hard and rigid
Bursa(e)
synovial filled saces
B/n tendons and bony prominences (discrete points)
resembles synovial jt capsule but not as thick
-slide over bony pt.
united connective tissue b/n tendon and bone.
Tendon Sheaths
"pig in a blanket" same structure as bursa. protect greater area (more than 1 side) -only for span needing protection each tendon has own & don't communicate w/ each other
Sesamoid Bones’ Functions
- Reduction of friction
- creation of synovial jt., protect tendon
- Redirect force of contraction
- change angle tendon follows
Genual (Stifle) jt. General Info
Injuries common here.
has LOTS of ligg.
2 Key Points about Stifle Jt.
- Inconguency - b/n tibia & femur fit
2. Instability b/n tibia & femur in 3 axes
Location of instabilities in Stifle Jt.
- Mediolateral axis
- Craniocaudal axis
- Central or longitudnal axis (rotational)
Resolution of Incongruency
Menisci (fibrocartilage)
Structure of Menisci
C-shaped, fibrocartilage, 2 exist per stifle jt. (1 medial, 1 lateral), concave on proximal side & flat on distal side, thicker edge out, thiner edge in
Functions of Menisci
resolve incongruency
shock absorption
Meniscal Ligaments (6)
- Cranial Tibial Lig. of Medial Meniscus
- Caudal Tibial Lig. of Medial Meniscus
- Cranial Tibial Lig. of Lateral Meniscus
- Caudal Tibial Lig. of Lateral Meniscus
- Transverse Lig (in dog)
- Meniscofemoral Lig. (lateral caudal meniscus to femur)
