Arthrology & Synovial Structures

Question 0

Classification of joints

Answer 0

Fibrous jts, Cartilaginous jts, Synovial jts

Question 1

Joint

Answer 1

junction between 2+ bones, (articulations)

Question 2

Fibrous jts. generalities

Answer 2

Stabilize

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 3

Types of Fibrous jts

Answer 3

Suture
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

Question 4

Suture fibrous jts

Answer 4

bones are knit together. gap b/n filled with f. tissue (skull)

Question 5

Gomphosis Fibrous jts

Answer 5

‘bolt or nail.’

b/n roots of teeth and bone. f. tissue hold teeth in socket.

Question 6

Syndesmosis fibrous jts

Answer 6

‘togeter’ + ‘fibrous.’
NOT common.
the border b/n metacarpal/metatarsal bones. don’t move relative to each other. [move as a unit]

Question 7

Cartilaginous jts. types

Answer 7

Symphysis

Synchondrosis

Question 8

Symphysis cartilaginous jts

Answer 8

fibrocartilage
pelvic symphysis: fibrous tissue ossifies caudal to cranial as dog ages
madibular symphysis: doesn’t completely ossify in dogs

Question 9

Synchorndrosis Cartilaginous jts

Answer 9

made of True hyaline cartilage (organized extracellular matrix)
Sacroiliac jt.

Question 10

Synovial joints

Answer 10

provide mobility

no direct union (articular cartilage indirectly united by jt capsule)

Question 11

Layers of joint capsule

Answer 11

Synovial membrane, fibrous membrane

Question 12

Function of synovial membrane

Answer 12

create lubrication, maintain synovial fluid, and support cartilage in jt

Question 13

Synovial fluid

Answer 13

tacky, thick substance that lubricates jt. to prevent friction
nourishes articular cartilage

Question 14

Fibrous membrane function

Answer 14

outer shell of jt capsule.

give jt. capsule strength

Question 15

components of Fibrous Membrane

Answer 15

collagenous connective tissue –> gives strength

Elastic fibers –> allows stretch in jt.

Question 16

General info about Synovial membrane

Answer 16

highly folded (lots of surface area)
very vascular
highly innervated

Question 17

Ligaments and Synovial jts

Answer 17

support jt. capsule in direction we don’t want movement

Question 18

Types of Ligaments

Answer 18

Extracapsular

Intracapsular

Question 19

Extracapsular ligaments

Answer 19

(collateral ligaments)
thickening fibrous mem on medial/lateral sides
outer side thickens

Question 20

Intracapsular Ligaments

Answer 20

stabilize but also want to allow some range of motion

found INSIDE jt cavity

Question 21

Job of other synovial structures

Answer 21

protect tendons from friction as they cross something hard and rigid

Question 22

Bursa(e)

Answer 22

synovial filled saces
B/n tendons and bony prominences (discrete points)
resembles synovial jt capsule but not as thick
-slide over bony pt.
united connective tissue b/n tendon and bone.

Question 23

Tendon Sheaths

Answer 23

"pig in a blanket"
same structure as bursa. 
protect greater area (more than 1 side)
-only for span needing protection
each tendon has own & don't communicate w/ each other

Question 24

Sesamoid Bones’ Functions

Answer 24

1. Reduction of friction
   
   • creation of synovial jt., protect tendon
2. Redirect force of contraction
   
   • change angle tendon follows

Question 25

Genual (Stifle) jt. General Info

Answer 25

Injuries common here.

has LOTS of ligg.

Question 26

2 Key Points about Stifle Jt.

Answer 26

1. Inconguency - b/n tibia & femur fit

2. Instability b/n tibia & femur in 3 axes

Question 27

Location of instabilities in Stifle Jt.

Answer 27

1. Mediolateral axis
2. Craniocaudal axis
3. Central or longitudnal axis (rotational)

Question 28

Resolution of Incongruency

Answer 28

Menisci (fibrocartilage)

Question 29

Structure of Menisci

Answer 29

C-shaped, fibrocartilage, 2 exist per stifle jt. (1 medial, 1 lateral), concave on proximal side & flat on distal side, thicker edge out, thiner edge in

Question 30

Functions of Menisci

Answer 30

resolve incongruency

shock absorption

Question 31

Meniscal Ligaments (6)

Answer 31

1. Cranial Tibial Lig. of Medial Meniscus
2. Caudal Tibial Lig. of Medial Meniscus
3. Cranial Tibial Lig. of Lateral Meniscus
4. Caudal Tibial Lig. of Lateral Meniscus
5. Transverse Lig (in dog)
6. Meniscofemoral Lig. (lateral caudal meniscus to femur)