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Abdomen/Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

0
Q

Abdominal cavity

A
  • extends into bony thorax. (liver & spleen live under rib cage)
  • bounded cranially by diaphragm

freely communicates with the pelvic cavity

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1
Q

Abdomen

A

Area bounded cranially by caudal ribs, dorsally by lumber spine, caudally by tuber coxae

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2
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

bounded by pelvis, sacrum, caudal vertebrae.

freely communicates with abdominal cavity

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3
Q

3 body cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

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4
Q

Which body cavities aren’t under negative pressure?

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

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5
Q

Vaginal process

A

contains vaginal tunic, vaginal cavity, and structures inside it

extra abdominal extension of the peritoneal cavity

can get hernia here in female dogs.

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6
Q

vaginal cavity

A

peritoneum which extends out of the ab. cavity & lines the structures of the vaginal process.

cavity inside the vaginal tunic

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7
Q

vaginal tunic

A

serous membrane outside ab. cavity.

continuous with peritoneum but the name changes once the membrane leaves the abdominal cavity

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8
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane in abdominal and pelvic cavities

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9
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

in abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. in pelvic cavity it is pouches

should only have a little bit of serous fluid in it.

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10
Q

Median ligament of urinary bladder

A
  • goes from umbilicus to bladder.
  • very thin.
  • contained umbilical aa. therefore now contains round lig. of urinary bladder.
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11
Q

Falciform ligament

A

cranial to umbilicus.
contains lots of fat.
round lig. of liver in free edge of this.

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12
Q

Remnants of ventral mesentary after birth

A
  1. Falciform lig.

2. Median lig. of urinary bladder

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13
Q

Ventral Mesentery

A

divides the peritoneal cavity into 2 parts in the fetus.

called mesentaries b/c they had v. & aa. of fetal development

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14
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

cranial border = internal ab. oblique
caudal border = inguinal lig.
ventral border = rectus abdominus

(can’t see when ex. abdominal oblique is in place)

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15
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

natural hole in aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique m.

where vaginal process comes out of

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16
Q

Inguinal canal

A

natural passageways through the caudoventral aspects of abdominal walls.
~space b/n deep and superficial inguinal rings~

vessels & nerves can leave ab. cavity b/c of this.

  • vaginal process
    • male = spermatic cord
    • female = fat-filled, fetal remnant
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17
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

peritoneum against the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities (diaphragm & inner abdominal walls)
-continuous with the vaginal tunic

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18
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

peritoneum on organs of abdominal and pelvic cavities

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19
Q

Connecting peritoneum

A
  • double layers
  • connect parietal and visceral peritoneum
  • has 3 specific subtypes

ex: greater and lesser omentums

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20
Q

Types of connecting peritoneum

A
  1. Mesentery
  2. Ligament
  3. Ventral Mesentery
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21
Q

Mesentery

A

connects organs, vessels, and nerves to dorsal walls.

ex: connects jejunum to dorsal wall

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22
Q

Ligament

A

connecting peritoneum that connects organ to organ
-typically lacks vessels
EXCEPTION: broad lig. (mesentery to female repro tract)

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23
Q

Ventral Mesentery (after birth)

A

the dividing mesentery breaks down into 2 remnants

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25
Genitofemoral n.
receives sensory info from mid-pelvis to mid-thigh
26
Vaginal ring
where transition from parietal peritoneum to vaginal tunic occurs. (edge formed by parietal peritoneum as it turns from the body wall out through deep inguinal ring)
27
Gubernaculum
- part of fetal development - guides male gonad to scrotum - degenerates into various lig. in female - followed by peritoneum (dorsal body wall->gonad->through inguinal canal->skin [scrotum/labia])
28
Gubernaculum degenerates in ____ in the female.
1. Suspensory lig. of ovary 2. Proper lig. of ovary 3. Round lig. of uterus
29
Suspensory lig. of ovary
connects ovary to dorsal body wall
30
proper lig. of ovary
connects ovary to uterus
31
Round lig. of uterus
- goes from uterus to inguinal canal & into vaginal process | - in lateral fold of mesometrium
32
Structures that pass through the inguinal canal (in m & f)
- External pudendal a. & v. - genitofemoral n. - peritoneum
33
Gubernaculum in male dog
- swells & stretches out inguinal canal so testis can leave abdomin - drags/guides a. & v., mesorchium, etc. w/ testis to inguinal canal to scrotum
34
male adult remnants of gubernaculum
- proper lig. of testis - lig. of tail of epididymis (very short parts)
35
proper lig. of testis
connect testis & tail of epididymis
36
lig. of tail of epididymis
attaches tail to parietal vaginal sheath
37
Visceral vaginal tunic (male)
covers ONLY the ductus deferens in spermatic cord and the testes and epididymis
38
mesoductus deferens
covers the a. & v. associated w/ ductus deferens
39
Mesorchium
surrounds testicular vessels (many veins, 1 artery)
40
vaginal cavity (male)
full of testicular vessels, ductus deferens, and a few drops of serous fluid
41
Caudal superficial epigastric artery
- runs cranially on superficial surface of rectus abdominus m. - male: lies adjacent to prepuce - female: supplies caudal pr. mammary glands
42
external pudendal a.
- parent vessel of caudal superficial epigastric a. | - only called this PRIOR to leaving superficial inguinal ring
43
parietal vaginal tunic
surrounds entire spermatic cord (the 'wall')
44
pampiniform plexus
- large, tortuous venous plexus in spermatic cord. | - aids in cooling the testes via heat transfer from the aa.
45
aortic hiatus
- where aorta enters abdominal cavity | - between 2 crura of diaphragm
46
Parts of the diaphragm
1. sternal 2. costal 3. lumbar (made of 2 tendons called right and left crura)
47
Caval Foramen
Location: in tendinous portion of diaphragm Purpose: where caudal vena cava enters abdominal cavity
48
Esophageal Hiatus
Where esophagus, dorsal & ventral vagal trunks enter abdominal cavity
49
Lateral ligg. of urinary bladder
run between lateral body walls and urinary bladder
50
greater omentum
"net-like" in appearance | -covers ventral surface of abdominal viscera
51
parts of the greater omentum
1. superficial leaves 2. deep leaves the space b/n them = omental bursa
52
Superficial leaf of greater omentum
runs cranially to greater curvature of stomach.
53
Deep leaf of greater omentum
more dorsal of the 2 leaves. | -encloses the left lobe of the pancreas
54
lesser omentum
thin, lacy sheet of peritoneum which connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.
55
Spleen
- dark-red structure on lateral wall on LEFT side - may extend as far cranially as the 11th intercostal space & as far caudally as the mid-lumbar region. - its size varies
56
gastrosplenic ligament
part of greater omentum running from spleen to greater curvature of stomach
57
Liver
large, red-brown organ lying against diaphragm in cranial abdomen. has 6 lobes.
58
parietal surface of liver
surface lying against diaphragm
59
visceral surface of liver
faces the abdominal viscera. | more caudal portion of liver
60
Lobes of the liver
1. Caudate lobe (caudal process & papillary process) 2. right lateral lobe 3. right medial lobe 4. Quadrate lobe 5. Left lateral lobe 6. left medial lobe
61
What are the 2 processes of the caudate lobe of the liver?
1. Caudate process | 2. Papillary process
62
Papillary process of caudate lobe of liver
in lesser omentum b/n liver and lesser curvature of the stomach
63
Caudate process of caudate lobe of liver
rest on cranial extend of right kidney
64
Parts of the stomach
greater curvature, lesser curvature, cardia, fundus, body of the stomach, pylorus
65
Lesser curvature of stomach
concave surface directed cranially and to the right
66
greater curvature of stomach
convex surface, directed caudally and to the left
67
cardia
where abdominal esophagus empties into the stomach cardiac region of stomach = very small & surround esophagus' opening
68
fundus
part of the stomach that lies to left & dorsal to the cardia | medium in size
69
body of the stomach
extends from the cadiac region to the sharp bend in the lesser curvature
70
pylorus
terminal portion of the stomach
71
parts of the small intestine
1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum
72
parts of the duodenem
1. cranial duodenal flexure 2. descending duodenum 3. caudal duodenal flexure 4. ascending duodenum
73
duodenojejunal junction
where duodenum become jejunum. occurs where short mesoduodenum is continuous with longer mesojejunum
74
hepatoduodenal ligament
- cranial portion of mesoduodenum running from descending duodenum to liver - contains bile duct
75
pancreas
- grey, lobulated organ - in mesoduodenum and deep leaf of greater omentum - has left & right lobes (left lies by stomach & right lies by descending duodenum - 2 ducts drain to duodenum (pancreatic duct & accessory duct)
76
Major Duodenal Papilla
cranial most papilla extending into the lumen | -where pancreatic duct & bile duct enter SI
77
Minor duodenal papilla
2-3 cm caudal to the major papilla. | -where accessory pancreatic duct empties
78
jejunal lymph nodes
surround jejunal arteries near root of mesentery
79
way to arbitrailly distinguish b/n ileum & jejunum
small artery running along antimesenteric surface of terminal SI.
80
ileal orifice
where ileum empties into large intestine. | a well-defined sphincter exists here.
81
parts of the colon
1. ascending colon 2. right colic flexure 3. transverse colon 4. left colic flexure 5. descending colon
82
mesocolon
peritoneal layer that supports the 3 segments of the large colon
83
Cecum
blind-ended pouch that attaches to ascending colon near ileocolic junction. -somewhat coiled
84
ileocecal fold
where cecum joins ileum
85
kidney positioning
left kidney is slightly more caudal than right.
86
hilus of the kidney
indentation on medial border | -where renal vessels and ureter enter/leave kidney
87
renal cortex
granular-appearing tissue deep to renal capsule (outer layer)
88
renal medulla
darker inner layer of the kidney
89
renal sinus
fat-filled area at hilus of kidney that surrounds renal pelvis
90
renal pelvis
expanded origin of ureter
91
renal crest
formed by the renal medulla and projects into renal pelvis
92
renal pyramids
- triangular - formed by medulla - extend into pelvic recesses of renal pelvis
93
adrenal glands
dorsal to phrenicoabdominal veins (and kidneys) - have light-colored outer cortex and darker, inner medulla - cortex produces steroid hormones - medulla produces epinephrine
94
ovarian bursa
peritoneal sac which surrounds ovaries
95
infindibulum
funnel-shaped structure that surrounds caudomedial surface of ovary
96
uterine tube
- carries ova from ovary to uterus | - makes up lateral wall of ovarian bursa
97
fimbria
finger-like projections of infundibulum, on the edges of the "funnel" -direct ova from ovary into infundibulum
98
body of the uterus
short piece of the uterus. (where uterine horns meet) | -caudal portion = cervix
99
broad ligament
- connecting peritoneum that supports female repro organs | - attached to sublumbar region
100
Mesovarium
supports ovary & contains ovarian vessels
101
suspensory ligament of ovary
thickened, cranial border of mesovarium
102
Mesosalpinx
portion of broad ligament that attaches to the uterine-tube
103
Mesometrium
- most extensive portion of broad ligament - supports the uterus - often fat-filled

Anatomy (13 decks)

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