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Anatomy > Abdomen/Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdomen/Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

0
Q

Abdominal cavity

A
  • extends into bony thorax. (liver & spleen live under rib cage)
  • bounded cranially by diaphragm

freely communicates with the pelvic cavity

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1
Q

Abdomen

A

Area bounded cranially by caudal ribs, dorsally by lumber spine, caudally by tuber coxae

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2
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

bounded by pelvis, sacrum, caudal vertebrae.

freely communicates with abdominal cavity

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3
Q

3 body cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

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4
Q

Which body cavities aren’t under negative pressure?

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

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5
Q

Vaginal process

A

contains vaginal tunic, vaginal cavity, and structures inside it

extra abdominal extension of the peritoneal cavity

can get hernia here in female dogs.

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6
Q

vaginal cavity

A

peritoneum which extends out of the ab. cavity & lines the structures of the vaginal process.

cavity inside the vaginal tunic

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7
Q

vaginal tunic

A

serous membrane outside ab. cavity.

continuous with peritoneum but the name changes once the membrane leaves the abdominal cavity

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8
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane in abdominal and pelvic cavities

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9
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

in abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. in pelvic cavity it is pouches

should only have a little bit of serous fluid in it.

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10
Q

Median ligament of urinary bladder

A
  • goes from umbilicus to bladder.
  • very thin.
  • contained umbilical aa. therefore now contains round lig. of urinary bladder.
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11
Q

Falciform ligament

A

cranial to umbilicus.
contains lots of fat.
round lig. of liver in free edge of this.

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12
Q

Remnants of ventral mesentary after birth

A
  1. Falciform lig.

2. Median lig. of urinary bladder

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13
Q

Ventral Mesentery

A

divides the peritoneal cavity into 2 parts in the fetus.

called mesentaries b/c they had v. & aa. of fetal development

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14
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

cranial border = internal ab. oblique
caudal border = inguinal lig.
ventral border = rectus abdominus

(can’t see when ex. abdominal oblique is in place)

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15
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A

natural hole in aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique m.

where vaginal process comes out of

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16
Q

Inguinal canal

A

natural passageways through the caudoventral aspects of abdominal walls.
~space b/n deep and superficial inguinal rings~

vessels & nerves can leave ab. cavity b/c of this.

  • vaginal process
    • male = spermatic cord
    • female = fat-filled, fetal remnant
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17
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

peritoneum against the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities (diaphragm & inner abdominal walls)
-continuous with the vaginal tunic

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18
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

peritoneum on organs of abdominal and pelvic cavities

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19
Q

Connecting peritoneum

A
  • double layers
  • connect parietal and visceral peritoneum
  • has 3 specific subtypes

ex: greater and lesser omentums

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20
Q

Types of connecting peritoneum

A
  1. Mesentery
  2. Ligament
  3. Ventral Mesentery
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21
Q

Mesentery

A

connects organs, vessels, and nerves to dorsal walls.

ex: connects jejunum to dorsal wall

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22
Q

Ligament

A

connecting peritoneum that connects organ to organ
-typically lacks vessels
EXCEPTION: broad lig. (mesentery to female repro tract)

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23
Q

Ventral Mesentery (after birth)

A

the dividing mesentery breaks down into 2 remnants

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25
Q

Genitofemoral n.

A

receives sensory info from mid-pelvis to mid-thigh

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26
Q

Vaginal ring

A

where transition from parietal peritoneum to vaginal tunic occurs.
(edge formed by parietal peritoneum as it turns from the body wall out through deep inguinal ring)

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27
Q

Gubernaculum

A
  • part of fetal development
  • guides male gonad to scrotum
  • degenerates into various lig. in female
  • followed by peritoneum

(dorsal body wall->gonad->through inguinal canal->skin [scrotum/labia])

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28
Q

Gubernaculum degenerates in ____ in the female.

A
  1. Suspensory lig. of ovary
  2. Proper lig. of ovary
  3. Round lig. of uterus
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29
Q

Suspensory lig. of ovary

A

connects ovary to dorsal body wall

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30
Q

proper lig. of ovary

A

connects ovary to uterus

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31
Q

Round lig. of uterus

A
  • goes from uterus to inguinal canal & into vaginal process

- in lateral fold of mesometrium

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32
Q

Structures that pass through the inguinal canal (in m & f)

A
  • External pudendal a. & v.
  • genitofemoral n.
  • peritoneum
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33
Q

Gubernaculum in male dog

A
  • swells & stretches out inguinal canal so testis can leave abdomin
  • drags/guides a. & v., mesorchium, etc. w/ testis to inguinal canal to scrotum
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34
Q

male adult remnants of gubernaculum

A
  • proper lig. of testis
  • lig. of tail of epididymis

(very short parts)

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35
Q

proper lig. of testis

A

connect testis & tail of epididymis

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36
Q

lig. of tail of epididymis

A

attaches tail to parietal vaginal sheath

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37
Q

Visceral vaginal tunic (male)

A

covers ONLY the ductus deferens in spermatic cord and the testes and epididymis

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38
Q

mesoductus deferens

A

covers the a. & v. associated w/ ductus deferens

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39
Q

Mesorchium

A

surrounds testicular vessels (many veins, 1 artery)

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40
Q

vaginal cavity (male)

A

full of testicular vessels, ductus deferens, and a few drops of serous fluid

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41
Q

Caudal superficial epigastric artery

A
  • runs cranially on superficial surface of rectus abdominus m.
  • male: lies adjacent to prepuce
  • female: supplies caudal pr. mammary glands
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42
Q

external pudendal a.

A
  • parent vessel of caudal superficial epigastric a.

- only called this PRIOR to leaving superficial inguinal ring

43
Q

parietal vaginal tunic

A

surrounds entire spermatic cord (the ‘wall’)

44
Q

pampiniform plexus

A
  • large, tortuous venous plexus in spermatic cord.

- aids in cooling the testes via heat transfer from the aa.

45
Q

aortic hiatus

A
  • where aorta enters abdominal cavity

- between 2 crura of diaphragm

46
Q

Parts of the diaphragm

A
  1. sternal
  2. costal
  3. lumbar (made of 2 tendons called right and left crura)
47
Q

Caval Foramen

A

Location: in tendinous portion of diaphragm
Purpose: where caudal vena cava enters abdominal cavity

48
Q

Esophageal Hiatus

A

Where esophagus, dorsal & ventral vagal trunks enter abdominal cavity

49
Q

Lateral ligg. of urinary bladder

A

run between lateral body walls and urinary bladder

50
Q

greater omentum

A

“net-like” in appearance

-covers ventral surface of abdominal viscera

51
Q

parts of the greater omentum

A
  1. superficial leaves
  2. deep leaves

the space b/n them = omental bursa

52
Q

Superficial leaf of greater omentum

A

runs cranially to greater curvature of stomach.

53
Q

Deep leaf of greater omentum

A

more dorsal of the 2 leaves.

-encloses the left lobe of the pancreas

54
Q

lesser omentum

A

thin, lacy sheet of peritoneum which connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.

55
Q

Spleen

A
  • dark-red structure on lateral wall on LEFT side
  • may extend as far cranially as the 11th intercostal space & as far caudally as the mid-lumbar region.
  • its size varies
56
Q

gastrosplenic ligament

A

part of greater omentum running from spleen to greater curvature of stomach

57
Q

Liver

A

large, red-brown organ lying against diaphragm in cranial abdomen.

has 6 lobes.

58
Q

parietal surface of liver

A

surface lying against diaphragm

59
Q

visceral surface of liver

A

faces the abdominal viscera.

more caudal portion of liver

60
Q

Lobes of the liver

A
  1. Caudate lobe (caudal process & papillary process)
  2. right lateral lobe
  3. right medial lobe
  4. Quadrate lobe
  5. Left lateral lobe
  6. left medial lobe
61
Q

What are the 2 processes of the caudate lobe of the liver?

A
  1. Caudate process

2. Papillary process

62
Q

Papillary process of caudate lobe of liver

A

in lesser omentum b/n liver and lesser curvature of the stomach

63
Q

Caudate process of caudate lobe of liver

A

rest on cranial extend of right kidney

64
Q

Parts of the stomach

A

greater curvature, lesser curvature, cardia, fundus, body of the stomach, pylorus

65
Q

Lesser curvature of stomach

A

concave surface directed cranially and to the right

66
Q

greater curvature of stomach

A

convex surface, directed caudally and to the left

67
Q

cardia

A

where abdominal esophagus empties into the stomach

cardiac region of stomach = very small & surround esophagus’ opening

68
Q

fundus

A

part of the stomach that lies to left & dorsal to the cardia

medium in size

69
Q

body of the stomach

A

extends from the cadiac region to the sharp bend in the lesser curvature

70
Q

pylorus

A

terminal portion of the stomach

71
Q

parts of the small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
72
Q

parts of the duodenem

A
  1. cranial duodenal flexure
  2. descending duodenum
  3. caudal duodenal flexure
  4. ascending duodenum
73
Q

duodenojejunal junction

A

where duodenum become jejunum.

occurs where short mesoduodenum is continuous with longer mesojejunum

74
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A
  • cranial portion of mesoduodenum running from descending duodenum to liver
  • contains bile duct
75
Q

pancreas

A
  • grey, lobulated organ
  • in mesoduodenum and deep leaf of greater omentum
  • has left & right lobes (left lies by stomach & right lies by descending duodenum
  • 2 ducts drain to duodenum (pancreatic duct & accessory duct)
76
Q

Major Duodenal Papilla

A

cranial most papilla extending into the lumen

-where pancreatic duct & bile duct enter SI

77
Q

Minor duodenal papilla

A

2-3 cm caudal to the major papilla.

-where accessory pancreatic duct empties

78
Q

jejunal lymph nodes

A

surround jejunal arteries near root of mesentery

79
Q

way to arbitrailly distinguish b/n ileum & jejunum

A

small artery running along antimesenteric surface of terminal SI.

80
Q

ileal orifice

A

where ileum empties into large intestine.

a well-defined sphincter exists here.

81
Q

parts of the colon

A
  1. ascending colon
  2. right colic flexure
  3. transverse colon
  4. left colic flexure
  5. descending colon
82
Q

mesocolon

A

peritoneal layer that supports the 3 segments of the large colon

83
Q

Cecum

A

blind-ended pouch that attaches to ascending colon near ileocolic junction.
-somewhat coiled

84
Q

ileocecal fold

A

where cecum joins ileum

85
Q

kidney positioning

A

left kidney is slightly more caudal than right.

86
Q

hilus of the kidney

A

indentation on medial border

-where renal vessels and ureter enter/leave kidney

87
Q

renal cortex

A

granular-appearing tissue deep to renal capsule (outer layer)

88
Q

renal medulla

A

darker inner layer of the kidney

89
Q

renal sinus

A

fat-filled area at hilus of kidney that surrounds renal pelvis

90
Q

renal pelvis

A

expanded origin of ureter

91
Q

renal crest

A

formed by the renal medulla and projects into renal pelvis

92
Q

renal pyramids

A
  • triangular
  • formed by medulla
  • extend into pelvic recesses of renal pelvis
93
Q

adrenal glands

A

dorsal to phrenicoabdominal veins (and kidneys)

  • have light-colored outer cortex and darker, inner medulla
  • cortex produces steroid hormones
  • medulla produces epinephrine
94
Q

ovarian bursa

A

peritoneal sac which surrounds ovaries

95
Q

infindibulum

A

funnel-shaped structure that surrounds caudomedial surface of ovary

96
Q

uterine tube

A
  • carries ova from ovary to uterus

- makes up lateral wall of ovarian bursa

97
Q

fimbria

A

finger-like projections of infundibulum, on the edges of the “funnel”
-direct ova from ovary into infundibulum

98
Q

body of the uterus

A

short piece of the uterus. (where uterine horns meet)

-caudal portion = cervix

99
Q

broad ligament

A
  • connecting peritoneum that supports female repro organs

- attached to sublumbar region

100
Q

Mesovarium

A

supports ovary & contains ovarian vessels

101
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

thickened, cranial border of mesovarium

102
Q

Mesosalpinx

A

portion of broad ligament that attaches to the uterine-tube

103
Q

Mesometrium

A
  • most extensive portion of broad ligament
  • supports the uterus
  • often fat-filled

Anatomy (13 decks)

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