Art Section 6 Flashcards
What term BEST describes a silhouette portrait
quick
- completed in a few minutes, and were cheap
Silhouette’s were also referred to as
Shadow portraits
A physiognotrace would
produce multiple copies of a silhouette
What engraver invented the physiognotrace
Gilles-Louis Chretien
- in 1786
- thought to be part entertainment and part artistic venture
What city contained the first natural history museum in America?
Philadelphia
Charles Wilson Peale’s museum included items such as
natural history specimens, science models, taxidermized birds, wax figures, portraits of American Leaders
What inventor inspired Charles Wilson Peale’s physiognotrace?
John Hawkins, a British inventor
What machine traces the outline of a sitter’s silhouette in a physiognotrace?
pantograph
Followers of phrenology claimed that a person’s face revealed their
character
In the early nineteenth century, phrenologists asserted that criminals had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
fox-like ears
- thought they did have: hawk-like noses, sloping foreheads, hard shifting eyes, low foreheads
To which group of people did silhouettes especially appeal?
middle class
Early American society gave silhouettes the label of
“true representation”
Silhouettes reflected the republican value of
modesty
Silhouettes laid the groundwork for the success of
photography
What organization holds the portrait of Moses Williams?
the Library Company of Philadelphia
What technologies had a significant effect on the 19th century?
telegraph, cotton gin, railroad, steamboat, and camera
What art styles emerged in the same year as Eadward Muybridge’s photographic experiments?
Impressionism
- emerging in 1872
In his photographic experiments, Eadweard Muybridge used technological advancements in
shutter speed
- experiments done on the movement of a galloping horse
The work of Eadweard Muybridge led to the creation of
instantaneous photography
What question did Leland Stanford hope to answer?
Is there a moment in a horse’s gallop where all four hooves left the ground at the same time?
In order to capture The Horse in Motion, Eadweard Muybridge used
12 camera’s set at 21 inch intervals along the racecourse
After his work with Leland Stanford, Muybridge worked at
the University of Pennsylvania
Eadweard Muybridge produced Animal Locomotion alongside the painter
Thomas Eakins
Rebecca Solnit explained the fixation with Muybridge’s The Horse In Motion by drawing connections between changing perceptions of movement and
time and movement
Critics of Eadweard Muybridge’s The Horse In Motion claimed that it was
fake because the photos looked so strange
Muybridge used his zoopraxiscope primarily to
enhance his lectures
The zoopraxiscope is a device that
creates the illusion of a moving picture
The zoopraxiscope became an important precursor to modern
cinema
Eadweard Muybridge’s zoopraxiscope garnered attention at the
1893 World’s Columbian Exposition
What inventor designed the mechanical television system?
John Baird
In the late 1990s, Americans used television sets daily for an average of
7 hours
- around 98 percent of homes had a TV set
What war had the greatest impact on the development of television?
World War Two
What technology had the greatest impact on television design and usability in the late 1940s?
radar
After 1945, the center of the art world shifted from Paris to
New York
- leading to the success of Abstract Expressionism
What art style featured gestural brushstrokes and the impression of spontaneity?
Abstract Expressionism
- U.S. first major art movement
Nam June Paik is commonly known as the father of
video art
- main artists using televisions as a legitimate artistic medium
Which of the following art groups used new technology similarly to Nam June Paik?
avant-garde
What television model does Nam June Paik’s Magnet TV use?
Conrac CRT
- used inside a Magnavox cabinet
How could viewers originally interact with Nam June Paik’s Magnet TV?
They could move the magnet along the top of the cabinet and change the imagery on the screen
By making Magnet TV interactive, Nam June Paik incorporated aspects of
performance art into the medium of sculpture
Nam June Paik’s Magnet TV is MOST similar to the work of
Jackson Pollock
-made drip paintings by dribbling paint across a canvas on the floor
The magnet in Nam June Paik’s Magnet TV blocks the
cathode rays - preventing it from filling the screen’s surface
How did artists in anti-art movements, such as Nam June Paik, change the art world?
They investigate the social conditions of society
- pushing art towards the field of anthropology
Which United States president signed the Interstate Highway Act?
Dwight Eisenhower
What percentage of American households owned a car in 1980
87.2% owned one car, over half owned two
To which art movement did John Chamberlain belong?
Abstract Expressionism
What effects did the rise of the automobile industry have?
growth of hotels and restaurants, development of suburbs around cities, improved networks between states, streamlined production process of rubber, tourism increased
How does Velvet White differ from Chamberlain’s other works?
it is less colorful
Chamberlain’s assemblage art style is also called
Junk Art
- because he used pieces of cars that would go to the junkyard
Art historians have MOST often seen Chamberlain’s work as a commentary on
consumer culture
The white color of Velvet White is meant to provoke a sense of
reflection
Chamberlain first used car parts in what piece of art?
Shortstop, in 1957
Where did Chamberlain find his first car to use in artwork?
at a friend’s house, in the backyard
The colors Chamberlain’s Dolores Jones are MOST similar to the works of
Willem de Kooning
-bold colors, which mirror the strong colors and brushstrokes of de Kooning
What did Chamberlain do first to the car he used for Shortstop?
drove out the fenders, or took them off and ran them over with his own car
When did Chamberlain create Velvet White
1962
Chamberlain’s Velvet White is MOST similar to works of
Robert Rauschenberg’s White Painting
How many miles of highways did the Interstate Highway Act create?
41,000 miles
In whose museum did Moses WIlliams work
Charles Wilson Peale
- using the fee from the silhouettes Moses Williams was able to buy his freedom
Who hired Eadweard Muybrudge to study horse locomotion?
Leland Stanford
In the early twentieth century, avant-garde artists used
film to capture the spirit of modern life
Nam June Paik’s Magnet TV displays
abstract geometric patterns
