Art Section 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What art form was the MOST important in establishing the identity of the emerging U.S.?
A
Portraiture
2
Q
What is the primary purpose of art history?
A
To understand a work of art in its original context
3
Q
Aesthetics is BEST defined as
A
Study of the nature and expression of beauty
4
Q
What is NOT typically included in the category of fine art?
A
Pottery
5
Q
What art forms are most often considered craft art?
A
Posters and tattoos
6
Q
The meaning of artwork is NOT
A
Fixed
7
Q
Art analysis that focuses specifically on the visual elements of an artwork?
A
Formal
8
Q
An art critic using formal analysis would be MOST interested in the
A
Work of art itself
9
Q
The broadest definition of contextual analysis is
A
Outside information important to a work of art
10
Q
An art element that is LEAST different in a reproduction of an artwork
A
Composition
11
Q
What field of study is BEST suited for cultures that rely on oral rather than written history
A
Anthropology
12
Q
What ancient Roman philosopher analyzed historical artworks in “Natural History”?
A
Pliny the Elder
13
Q
Giorgio Vasari’s “The Lives of the Artists” outlined the
A
developing roles of artists in society
14
Q
Johann Joachim Winckelmann was notable for shifting art history to focus on?
A
Stylistic development
15
Q
Why do modern art historians focus more on ancient Egyptian art rather than ancient West African art?
A
Egypt’s climate allows ancient art to be preserved for longer than in West Africa
16
Q
The Chauvet Cave paintings are found in modern-day?
A
France
17
Q
What animals appear in the cave paintings at Lascaux and Altamira?
A
lions, bison, horses, mammoths
18
Q
What function did the statue “The Venus of Willendorf” likely serve?
A
fertility figure
19
Q
What development first caused Europeans in the Middle Stone Age to move away from cave dwellings?
A
An increase in temperatures prompted a transition to rock shelters
20
Q
Stonehenge is a classic example of artistic production from the?
A
New Stone Age
21
Q
The sarsen at Stonehenge is a type of?
A
Sandstone
22
Q
Why did ancient Mesopotamia witness more invasions than ancient Egypt?
A
Mesopotamia lacked Egypt’s natural protections
23
Q
Ancient Sumerian ziggurats were both temples and
A
Economic hubs
24
Q
Hammurabi is known most today for his surviving
A
Law code (Code of Hammurabi)
25
What group ruled Mesopotamia first?
the Akkadians
26
The Ishtar Gate is known for its depictions of?
animal figures
27
What city was home to the Persian Empire's most famous royal palace?
Persepolis
28
The Egyptian artistic practice of showing influential people as larger in works is known as?
Hierarchical scale
29
What Egyptian pharaoh's tomb is most significant today?
Tutankhamun's
30
What civilization existed first?
Cycladic
31
The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of?
Crete
32
What art form was NOT prevalent in the Cycladic civilization?
Iron pendants
33
The Minoans' greatest architectural projects were the construction of several
Palaces
34
How did Archaic Greek art differ MOST from that of ancient Egyptians?
Archaic Greek art prioritized accurate depiction of human features
35
"Contrapposto" is BEST described as a technique in which a
Figure leans on one leg to create a greater sense of realism
36
The Parthenon's restoration is the most famous architectural achievement of the
Middle Classical Period
37
What region had the most influence on Greek culture during the Hellenistic Period?
Asia Minor
38
Modern art historians' primary sources for Etruscan art are?
decorated tombs
39
The ancient Romans pioneered the use of?
Concrete
40
Why did Roman sculpture depart from naturalistic depictions of human figures?
Roman sculptors created idealized depictions that were in line with broader societal values
41
What art media is most closely associated with the Byzantine period?
Mosaics
42
The dominant literary language in medieval western Europe was?
Latin
43
Hiberno-Saxon refers to an artistic and cultural overlap of the English, Irish, and the
Vikings
44
What church is an important example of Romanesque architecture?
Saint-Sernin Basilica
45
What artist is most associated with the transition between the Gothic and Renaissance periods?
Giotto di Bondone
46
Who designed the "Gates of Paradise"?
Lorenzo Ghiberti
47
What artist first popularized linear perspective?
Masaccio
48
Donatello is best known for his?
David
49
Michelangelo di Buonarotti sculpted what statues?
"Moses", "The Bound Slave", "The Dying Slave", "David"
50
Leonardo da Vinci pioneered
sfumato
51
What artist is best known for introducing nude statues to the Renaissance?
Donatello
52
Why was Michelangelo di Buonarotti initially hesitant to accept the commission to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
The pope had canceled the previous commission
53
What artist is best known for the use of chiaroscuro?
Tintoretto
54
How did "The Tempest" most revolutionize Renaissance art?
by highlighting the landscape
55
Titian Vecelli was best known for his?
portraits
56
What artist is most known for depictions of the Madonna?
Raphael Sanzio
57
How did the Reformation most affect Renaissance art?
It encouraged artists to focus on secular themes
58
What artist is best known for his association with the Counter-Reformation?
Dominikos Theotokopoulos (aka El Greco)
59
The Renaissance in Northern and Southern Europe differed
Artworks in the north were smaller, classical art influenced southern artists, northern art was more detailed, northern artists used more oil paints
60
Matthias Grunewald is best know for art depicting?
Religious scenes
61
The term "caravaggesque" refers to the use of?
Chiaroscuro
62
Who engraved "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse"?
Albrecht Durer
63
Hans Holbein the Younger was a court painter in?
England
64
True statement in comparing Baroque and the Renaissance
Baroque art was more dynamic than Renaissance art
65
Who painted the "Isenheim Altarpiece"?
Matthias Grunewald
66
Why did several patrons reject Caravaggio's works?
The paintings depicted religious figures and other individuals in threadbare garments
67
Artemisia Gentileschi is best known for?
Her religious art
68
Who created "Ecstasy of Saint Teresa"?
Gianlorenzo Bernini
69
What Baroque artist came from Northern Europe?
Peter Paul Rubens
70
What monarch approved the creation of the "Salon"?
King Louis XIV
71
Diego Velazquez painted for
King Philip IV
72
Diego Velazquez most influenced?
Impressionism
73
The Baroque style mainly focused on portraying?
emotions
74
Who developed the fete galante genre of painting?
Jean-Antoine Watteau
75
Who most influenced the works of Honore Fragonard?
Francois Boucher
76
What historical event most coincided with the development of Neoclassicism?
French Revolution of 1789
77
What branch of philosophy most influenced Neoclassicism?
Enlightenment
78
How did Jacques Louis David's paintings for Napoleon Bonaparte differ from his earlier works?
He previously championed republican virtues, but his paintings for Napoleon Bonaparte were akin to propaganda
79
Jean Dominque Ingres's rival worked in the style of
Romanticism (his rival was Eugene Delacroix)
80
The Baroque style and the Romantic style shared an emphasis on?
emotion
81
Realism can be considered a reaction to?
Neoclassicism and Romanticism
82
What Realist artwork caused outrage at the Salon?
"The Stonebreakers" by Gustave Courbet's
83
Impressionism arose out of disillusionment with?
Academic painting
84
Who is considered the first Impressionist?
Edouard Manet
85
Why was "Luncheon on the Grass" scandalous?
It featured a nude woman surrounded by clothed men
86
Who painted the artwork that is the namesake of the Impressionist movement?
Claude Monet painted "Impression, Sunrise" in 1872
87
Impressionist artists applied new scientific knowledge related to?
Shadows
88
How did Paul Cezanne modify Impressionist painting practices?
He stuctured his compositions in terms of form
89
What element most unifies Post-Impressionism?
Color
90
Who painted "Night Cafe"?
Vincent van Gogh
91
Before his art career, Paul Gauguin was a
stockbroker
92
How did the invention of the camera affect the art world?
Artists eventually moved away from realism
93
The Pre-Raphaelites primarily responded to the?
Industrial Revolution
94
What art movement is Henri Matisse most associated with?
Fauvism
95
What artist contributed to the De Stijl movement?
Piet Mondrian
96
What is the De Stijl movement?
Abstract art with geometric elements, primary colors, and values
97
How did the Armory Show affect American art?
It acquinted Americans with modern art movements
98
What art work belongs in the Dadaist movement?
Duchamp's "Fountain" (ridiculing societal norms)
99
What artist is most associated with Surrealism?
Rene Magritte
100
What type of works is Marcel Duchamp best known for?
ready-mades
101
What artist served on the faculty of the Bauhaus?
Josef Albers
102
Cubism was most associated with theories of ?
Psychology
103
The Pre-Raphaelites most strongly influenced?
Art Nouveau
104
Where did the center for international art shift after World War II?
New York
105
Art that addressed WWI was often?
Propagandistic
106
Whose dictum did Abstract Expressionist artists follow?
Kandinsky's
107
What artist was known for creating "combines"/
Robert Rouschenberg
108
What statement best explains why 1950s New York art critics were powerful?
Critics chose which view of art itself to promote
109
What artist painted using stencils?
Robert Indiana
110
What art movement depicted subject matter in sharp focus?
Photorealism
111
Hard-edge painting developed with the invention of?
airbrushes
112
What change is most associated with the artworld of the 1970s?
Creation of large-scale and temporary artworks
113
What type of art was Christo known for?
Earthworks
114
To execute large projects in collaboration with her partner, Jeanne-Claude was responsible for?
logistics
115
Performance Art, by nature, is?
transitory
116
How do the Guerrilla Girls conceal their identity?
Wearing masks in public
117
What building contains a specific retaliation against Bauhaus architecture?
At&T building
118
Postmoderist art is best described as
Varied in form and style
119
What dynasty is considered China's golden age?
Tang Dynasty
120
What emperor had sculptures of his entire army buried with him?
Emperor of Qin
121
What ancient civilization influenced images of Buddha in India?
Greece
122
What country has the greatest linguistic diversity?
India
123
What religion influenced the art of ancient China, India, and Japan?
Buddhism
124
What civilization most influenced the Yoruba cultural group?
Nok
125
In what country would you most likely find a Benin artifact?
United States
126
What art form most often preserved Polynesian body arts before the invention of photography?
Engravings
127
One of the Asmat tribe's cultural symbols is a ______ decorated red, black, and white?
Shields
128
Located in Jerusalem, one of the oldest and most famous examples of Islamic architecture is the?
Dome of the Rock
129
A false fact about Islamic art and architecture?
Most Islamic art is figurative
130
What structure is a North American pyramid?
Pyramid of the Sun, located in Mexico
131
Most artifacts from the Americas are from at the most the last
2,000 years
132
Curving lines create feelings of
activity
133
Why did Medieval churches usually have high arched ceilings?
To direct the eye upward
134
The use of shading, foreshortening, and perspective call all create the illusion of?
Form
135
Sculptures that project strongly from a surface are said to be in
High relief
136
Use of aerial perspective affect the color of objects that are far away by?
Making them appear more neutral in color
137
What era's paintings frequently feature black and white checkerboard floors?
Renaissance
138
Who developed the concepts that underly the color wheel?
Isaac Newton
139
What term is synonymous with the lightness or darkness of a color?
Value
140
Optical color considers
effects of special lighting on a color
141
In painting, the term rhythm is most associated with?
pattern
142
Smallest unit of pattern is
motif
143
Most formal styles of architecture employ
exact symmetry
144
When were the standards for the relative sizes of parts of the human face & body developed?
Classical period
145
By standard rules of proportion, how tall is the ideal human figure?
Seven and one-half heads
146
An artist desiring a thin, light line will use?
a hard pencil
147
Ink can be diluted to create a
Wash (lighter in value due to translucent quality)
148
What media is more durable than pastels but has similar blending properties?
Colored pencil
149
Etching and engraving are similar in that both processes
Cause the printed area to rise above the paper's surface
150
What process is an example of relief printmaking?
Stamping
151
What materials can be used in lithography?
wax, stone, zince, aluminum
152
Why might lithography be more popular than other methods of engravinge?
It requires no professional training
153
What materials allows paint to adhere to a surface?
Binder
154
To create a fresco, powdered pigment is mixed with?
Plaster
155
What substance does tempera traditionally use as a binder?
Egg
156
Oil paint applied in thick layers or lumps results in?
Impasto
157
What type of paint was developed most recently?
Acrylic
158
How did photography influence the art world?
Pushed painters to explore completely new styles
159
Chiseling away of a stone sculpture is an example of?
Carving
160
What art procedure is an example of modeling?
clay added to the surface of an object
161
In cast form, the original form is?
Encased in plaster
162
What type of art is most commonly considered to be a form of sculpture?
environmental
163
Joseph Cornell was notable for?
Filling open boxes with symbolic objects
164
In what form is clay most shaped and then stacked to create different vessels?
Coil
165
Slip refers to?
Liquid clay
166
What function is the most important use of the kiln in pottery?
removing moisture out of the clay
167
Glassblowing allowed for?
creation of glass vessels
168
Architecture is best defined as?
art of designing and constructing buildings
169
The Greek-Parthenon is an example of?
Post-and-lintel construction
170
Antoni Gaudi's architectural style can best be described as?
Organic
171
Church's role in the art world during the Medieval period can best be described as?
Significant patron of the classical arts
172
An institution or person who commissions an artist to make an artwork is the artist's
patron
173
Formal analysis of an artwork focuses on that work's
visual qualities
174
Which present day country is home to the Pyramid of the Sun?
Mexico
175
Which of the following ancient Romans wrote a key work of art history?
Pliny the Elder
176
A major branch of art history interprets art through philosophy written and later inspired by
Karl Marx
177
Which of the formal qualities of art is the most fundamental?
Line
178
An open area within a form creates a
Negative space
179
Which type of perspective BEST accounts for the presence of fog or smoke in a scene?
Aerial perspective
180
Violet-blue and yellow-green are examples
tertiary colors
181
An artist mixing pink paint on a palette will combine
A primary color (red) and a neutral (white)
182
Which of the following terms describes the illusion of texture created on a two-dimensional surface?
Visual texture
183
The individual elements that make up a pattern are called
Motifs
184
A place at which the eye lingers when viewing a composition is a
Focal point
185
Shading by making a pattern of dots in a drawing creates
Stippling
186
Due to the nature of the medium, auction houses will often use the term "multiples" to describe
Prints
187
Which of the following mathematical terms can also be used to describe a printing plate?
Matrix
188
Twentieth-century American artist Joseph Cornell worked most often in
Mixed media
189
Liquid clay used to join slabs of clay while creating a ceramic artwork is called
Slip
190
A primary goal of the Crystal Palace was to
showcase British engineering
191
The two main colors of the Chauvet Cave paintings are
red and black
192
Which Roman goddess lends her name to the Woman of Willendorf
Venus
193
Which present-day country in the British Isles is home to Stonehenge
England
194
Which of the following ancient civilizations is MOST closely associated with Ziggurats
Sumer
195
Whose legal code is the oldest that has remained intact to the present day?
Hammurabi's
196
A 1922 excavation uncovered the long-hidden tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh
Tutankhamun
197
Doric and Ionic are types of
columns
198
The earliest Roman art reflected the influence of the
Etruscans
199
Which of the following media is MOST closely associated with Byzantine art?
mosaic
200
Which of the following places is the MOST likely location for a keystone?
The top of an arch
201
Giotto di Bondone lived in the Italian city-state of
Florence
202
Which of the following artworks is ALSO by the painter of the Mona Lisa
The Last Supper
203
Which of the following Popes commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Julius II
