Art Section 3 Flashcards
The compass was invented in
China
How many masts does a full-rigged ship have?
3 masts
with 5 to 6 sails
Egyptian and Syrian raw material markets were vital for Venetian
glass
What stones did Europeans import from Afghanistan to use in artwork?
lapis lazuli
The first known printers were the
Sumerians - imprinted messages on clay tablets
Moveable type did not initially succeed in China because
Materials used in moveable type prints were not durable or effective
Wang Chen’s most famous text focused on
agriculture
Wang Chen’s text was called
Nung Shu
Wang Chen helped with the growth of moveable type by
innovations allowed for woodblocks to last longer, arrange characters more efficiently
How many Gutenberg printing presses existed in Europe by 1500
1,000
The type pieces used in Gutenberg’s press were made of
lead
What artistic movement expanded greatly following the invention of the Gutenberg press
Renaissance
The oldest form of printing is
woodcutting
which originated in China in the 3rd century
Who created the Samson Rending the Lion print?
Albrecht Durer
Albrecht Durer worked with what art medium
woodcuts and engravings
Albrecht Durer achieved financial success for his artwork by
by marketing his artwork
What art techniques involves engraving small dots?
stipple engraving
What form in Melencolia I is considered to represent Durer himself
winged female figure
Renaissance-era medicine belied that a melancholic state and creative genius was associated with
excessive black bile
To protect his finances and artwork Albrecht Durer
filed the first artistic copyright lawsuit
In Durer’s Melencolia I, the influence of Italian art is evident in
the physical volume of the objects
What elements in Durer’s Melencolia I represents practical knowledge?
the winged infant writing on the slate
The light in the horizon of Durer’s Melencolia represents
the hope of overcoming depressive melancholy
Which of the seven liberal arts of artistic creation do the tools in the foreground of Melencolia I represent
geometry
In his artwork, Durer most frequently explored
modernity, culture, and secularization
The advent of linear perspective primarily allowed artists to
convey space on two-dimensional surfaces
Artists from what ancient civilizations first figured out how to create the appearance of space in images
Greek’s
Italian artist who invented linear perspective
Filippo Brunelleschi
Linear perspective does not use
vertical lines
-it does use vanishing point, structural grid, horizon line, diagonal lines
In linear perspective, orthogonals are
diagonal lines
What artist created the work “Holy Trinity”
Massacio - one of the earliest examples of the use of linear perspective
A work of art in which the most important figures are largest in size is using
hierarchic scale
What cultural changes contributed to the adoption of linear perspective
secularization
Linear perspective enabled what methods of precise representation
drawings to scale, which enabled maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams to be more precise
What wealthy Florentine family commissioned Fra Filippo Lippi’s The Annunciation
Medici - wanted to hang it in his family’s palace, Palazzo Medici
Fra Filippo Lippi’s The Annuncation was painted on a semi-circular wood panel, a shape called
lunette
- an intended to decorate an arched doorway or hang over a bed
What religious figure is the main subject of Fra Filippo Lippi’s The Annuncation
Virgin Mary
Fra Filippo Lippi created art during what time period
Quattrocentro or 15th century
Fra Filippo Lippi was exposed to what artist when he was an orphan living in a monastery
Masaccio
What Christian symbol does The Annuciation not contain
Christ
- does have golden haloes, white dove, archangel Gabriel, hand of God
Filippo Brunelleschi’s dome is in
Florence
What subject was the focus of De Pictura
linear perspective
Leon Battista Alberti’s original attitude toward the intellectual achievements of his contemporaries could be described as
pessimistic
The site of Brunelleschi’s dome remained unfinished for a long time because
previous architects could not adequately construct the cathedral
What architectural styles influenced Brunelleshi’s rending of buildings
Gothic, Roman, Byzantine, Persian
What architectural styles frequently made use of double shelled domes
Persian
Brunelleschi’s dome is made of
bricks
How many supporting vertical ribs on Brunelleschi’s dome can be seen from the exterior
Eight
Binding agent used in medieval tempera paint
egg yolk
a disadvantage of medieval tempera paint was
difficult to blend tones together
Artist among the pioneers for using oil paint on panel pictures
Jan van Eyck
Artist who painted Merode Altarpiece
Robert Campin
used oil paint on a wooden triptych
Gesso is a
paint binder
applied to surface of a canvas prior to painting
Canvas became popular in Venice prior to the rest of Europe because
Venitian climate was humid, meant frescos and panel paintings were not durable
City that became the enter of European art during the Baroque era
Florence
By the 17th century the primary medium of painting was
oil
The term “Baroque” comes from the Portuguese word for
pearl
Baroque was coined by art critics for
drama and turbulence of the style
Artemisia Gentileschi received artistic training from her
father
After a patron hired another painter to replace her, Artemisia Gentileschi wrote in a letter
“people have cheated me”
and “If I were a man, I can’t imagine it would have turned out this way”
Artemisia Gentileschi became best known for painting
women of strength
Judith saved the city of Bethulia in the Old Testament by
Tricking the Assyrian general and killing him in his sleep
Patrons of the Baroque era delighted in
erotic and violent scenes
Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith and Her Maidservant focuses on
the moment after the event
In Judith and Her Maidservant, Judith’s right hand is
holding a sword - it’s Holofernes’s, the general
In Judith and Her Maidservant, the maidservant is
shoving Holofernes’s head into a sack
Term that refers to the use of contrasting light and dark in a painting palette
tenebrism
- a hallmark of the Baroque period
Artemisia Gentileschi’s childhood teacher went to jail of
rape
- may explain Artemisia’s ambivalence towards men and heroization of women
Oldest manmade material is
bronze
Who invented cristallo glass
Angelo Barovier in the mid-15th century
Novel process that allowed for the creation of cristallo glass is
lixiviation
-involves purification of plant-ash flux
What aspect of cristallo glass turned it into a status symbol
transparency
Late medieval Venetian glass manufacturing took place on the island of
Murano
-by order of the government
Silica is derived from the mineral
quartz
Role of the flux in the cristallo glass-making process was to
reduce the necessary heat for making glass
What saints are shown on the Behaim Beaker
St. Catherine, St. Michael
Behaim Beaker was produced for a
wedding
Behaim family was from
Nuremberg
The influence of disegno visible in the Behaim Beaker
the beaker is ornately decorated across its surface
Early modern Europeans believed rock crystal was effective in
detecting poison
Institution who has not agreed to repatriate the Benin bronzes in their collection
the British Museum
Oba is the Yoruba and Bini word for
king
Kingdom of Benin occupied the land of modern-day
Nigeria
Metal work in Benin expanded under trade with
Portugal
Lost-wax casting of Benin closely resembles art made in ancient
Greece
Type of cat depicted in the Benin Plaque with Oba
leopard
Benin plaques were displayed
on supportive columns in the palace
What part of the Benin Plaque with Oba is sculpted in low relief
the leaves
Wax is used in lost-wax casting as a way
to form a hollow in the mold
Manillas are
bracelets made of metal
- served as form of common currency, and were melted down for bronze artwork
Loss of the Benin bronzes were devasting to the people of Benin
they were the only historical records of the kingdom
The mudfish in the Benin Plaque with Oba symbolizes the oba’s ability to
move between divine and earthly worlds
What part of the oba’s body is disproportionately large
Head
- believed to have a person’s intelligence, personality, and destiny in it
An oba projection is the oba’s
crown
How thick are the Benin bronze plaques
2 inches
Principles of geometry served as the basis for the development of
linear perspective
What religious figure did Fra Filippo Lippi depict in The Annunciation
Gabriel
Kingdom of Benin exported goods of
pepper, cloth, ivory, and enslaved persons
Where is the Benin Plaque with Oba located today
Britain
