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AcaDec 2023_24 > Art Section 3 > Flashcards

Art Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The compass was invented in

A

China

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2
Q

How many masts does a full-rigged ship have?

A

3 masts
with 5 to 6 sails

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3
Q

Egyptian and Syrian raw material markets were vital for Venetian

A

glass

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4
Q

What stones did Europeans import from Afghanistan to use in artwork?

A

lapis lazuli

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5
Q

The first known printers were the

A

Sumerians - imprinted messages on clay tablets

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6
Q

Moveable type did not initially succeed in China because

A

Materials used in moveable type prints were not durable or effective

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7
Q

Wang Chen’s most famous text focused on

A

agriculture

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8
Q

Wang Chen’s text was called

A

Nung Shu

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9
Q

Wang Chen helped with the growth of moveable type by

A

innovations allowed for woodblocks to last longer, arrange characters more efficiently

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10
Q

How many Gutenberg printing presses existed in Europe by 1500

A

1,000

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11
Q

The type pieces used in Gutenberg’s press were made of

A

lead

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12
Q

What artistic movement expanded greatly following the invention of the Gutenberg press

A

Renaissance

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13
Q

The oldest form of printing is

A

woodcutting
which originated in China in the 3rd century

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14
Q

Who created the Samson Rending the Lion print?

A

Albrecht Durer

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15
Q

Albrecht Durer worked with what art medium

A

woodcuts and engravings

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16
Q

Albrecht Durer achieved financial success for his artwork by

A

by marketing his artwork

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17
Q

What art techniques involves engraving small dots?

A

stipple engraving

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18
Q

What form in Melencolia I is considered to represent Durer himself

A

winged female figure

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19
Q

Renaissance-era medicine belied that a melancholic state and creative genius was associated with

A

excessive black bile

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20
Q

To protect his finances and artwork Albrecht Durer

A

filed the first artistic copyright lawsuit

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21
Q

In Durer’s Melencolia I, the influence of Italian art is evident in

A

the physical volume of the objects

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22
Q

What elements in Durer’s Melencolia I represents practical knowledge?

A

the winged infant writing on the slate

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23
Q

The light in the horizon of Durer’s Melencolia represents

A

the hope of overcoming depressive melancholy

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24
Q

Which of the seven liberal arts of artistic creation do the tools in the foreground of Melencolia I represent

A

geometry

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25
Q

In his artwork, Durer most frequently explored

A

modernity, culture, and secularization

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26
Q

The advent of linear perspective primarily allowed artists to

A

convey space on two-dimensional surfaces

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27
Q

Artists from what ancient civilizations first figured out how to create the appearance of space in images

A

Greek’s

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28
Q

Italian artist who invented linear perspective

A

Filippo Brunelleschi

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29
Q

Linear perspective does not use

A

vertical lines
-it does use vanishing point, structural grid, horizon line, diagonal lines

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30
Q

In linear perspective, orthogonals are

A

diagonal lines

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31
Q

What artist created the work “Holy Trinity”

A

Massacio - one of the earliest examples of the use of linear perspective

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32
Q

A work of art in which the most important figures are largest in size is using

A

hierarchic scale

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33
Q

What cultural changes contributed to the adoption of linear perspective

A

secularization

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34
Q

Linear perspective enabled what methods of precise representation

A

drawings to scale, which enabled maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams to be more precise

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35
Q

What wealthy Florentine family commissioned Fra Filippo Lippi’s The Annunciation

A

Medici - wanted to hang it in his family’s palace, Palazzo Medici

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36
Q

Fra Filippo Lippi’s The Annuncation was painted on a semi-circular wood panel, a shape called

A

lunette
- an intended to decorate an arched doorway or hang over a bed

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37
Q

What religious figure is the main subject of Fra Filippo Lippi’s The Annuncation

A

Virgin Mary

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38
Q

Fra Filippo Lippi created art during what time period

A

Quattrocentro or 15th century

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39
Q

Fra Filippo Lippi was exposed to what artist when he was an orphan living in a monastery

A

Masaccio

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40
Q

What Christian symbol does The Annuciation not contain

A

Christ
- does have golden haloes, white dove, archangel Gabriel, hand of God

41
Q

Filippo Brunelleschi’s dome is in

A

Florence

42
Q

What subject was the focus of De Pictura

A

linear perspective

43
Q

Leon Battista Alberti’s original attitude toward the intellectual achievements of his contemporaries could be described as

A

pessimistic

44
Q

The site of Brunelleschi’s dome remained unfinished for a long time because

A

previous architects could not adequately construct the cathedral

45
Q

What architectural styles influenced Brunelleshi’s rending of buildings

A

Gothic, Roman, Byzantine, Persian

46
Q

What architectural styles frequently made use of double shelled domes

A

Persian

47
Q

Brunelleschi’s dome is made of

A

bricks

48
Q

How many supporting vertical ribs on Brunelleschi’s dome can be seen from the exterior

A

Eight

49
Q

Binding agent used in medieval tempera paint

A

egg yolk

50
Q

a disadvantage of medieval tempera paint was

A

difficult to blend tones together

51
Q

Artist among the pioneers for using oil paint on panel pictures

A

Jan van Eyck

52
Q

Artist who painted Merode Altarpiece

A

Robert Campin
used oil paint on a wooden triptych

53
Q

Gesso is a

A

paint binder
applied to surface of a canvas prior to painting

54
Q

Canvas became popular in Venice prior to the rest of Europe because

A

Venitian climate was humid, meant frescos and panel paintings were not durable

55
Q

City that became the enter of European art during the Baroque era

A

Florence

56
Q

By the 17th century the primary medium of painting was

A

oil

57
Q

The term “Baroque” comes from the Portuguese word for

A

pearl

58
Q

Baroque was coined by art critics for

A

drama and turbulence of the style

59
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi received artistic training from her

A

father

60
Q

After a patron hired another painter to replace her, Artemisia Gentileschi wrote in a letter

A

“people have cheated me”
and “If I were a man, I can’t imagine it would have turned out this way”

61
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi became best known for painting

A

women of strength

62
Q

Judith saved the city of Bethulia in the Old Testament by

A

Tricking the Assyrian general and killing him in his sleep

63
Q

Patrons of the Baroque era delighted in

A

erotic and violent scenes

64
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi’s Judith and Her Maidservant focuses on

A

the moment after the event

65
Q

In Judith and Her Maidservant, Judith’s right hand is

A

holding a sword - it’s Holofernes’s, the general

66
Q

In Judith and Her Maidservant, the maidservant is

A

shoving Holofernes’s head into a sack

67
Q

Term that refers to the use of contrasting light and dark in a painting palette

A

tenebrism
- a hallmark of the Baroque period

68
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi’s childhood teacher went to jail of

A

rape
- may explain Artemisia’s ambivalence towards men and heroization of women

69
Q

Oldest manmade material is

A

bronze

70
Q

Who invented cristallo glass

A

Angelo Barovier in the mid-15th century

71
Q

Novel process that allowed for the creation of cristallo glass is

A

lixiviation
-involves purification of plant-ash flux

72
Q

What aspect of cristallo glass turned it into a status symbol

A

transparency

73
Q

Late medieval Venetian glass manufacturing took place on the island of

A

Murano
-by order of the government

74
Q

Silica is derived from the mineral

A

quartz

75
Q

Role of the flux in the cristallo glass-making process was to

A

reduce the necessary heat for making glass

76
Q

What saints are shown on the Behaim Beaker

A

St. Catherine, St. Michael

77
Q

Behaim Beaker was produced for a

A

wedding

78
Q

Behaim family was from

A

Nuremberg

79
Q

The influence of disegno visible in the Behaim Beaker

A

the beaker is ornately decorated across its surface

80
Q

Early modern Europeans believed rock crystal was effective in

A

detecting poison

81
Q

Institution who has not agreed to repatriate the Benin bronzes in their collection

A

the British Museum

82
Q

Oba is the Yoruba and Bini word for

A

king

83
Q

Kingdom of Benin occupied the land of modern-day

A

Nigeria

84
Q

Metal work in Benin expanded under trade with

A

Portugal

85
Q

Lost-wax casting of Benin closely resembles art made in ancient

A

Greece

86
Q

Type of cat depicted in the Benin Plaque with Oba

A

leopard

87
Q

Benin plaques were displayed

A

on supportive columns in the palace

88
Q

What part of the Benin Plaque with Oba is sculpted in low relief

A

the leaves

89
Q

Wax is used in lost-wax casting as a way

A

to form a hollow in the mold

90
Q

Manillas are

A

bracelets made of metal
- served as form of common currency, and were melted down for bronze artwork

91
Q

Loss of the Benin bronzes were devasting to the people of Benin

A

they were the only historical records of the kingdom

92
Q

The mudfish in the Benin Plaque with Oba symbolizes the oba’s ability to

A

move between divine and earthly worlds

93
Q

What part of the oba’s body is disproportionately large

A

Head
- believed to have a person’s intelligence, personality, and destiny in it

94
Q

An oba projection is the oba’s

A

crown

95
Q

How thick are the Benin bronze plaques

A

2 inches

96
Q

Principles of geometry served as the basis for the development of

A

linear perspective

97
Q

What religious figure did Fra Filippo Lippi depict in The Annunciation

A

Gabriel

98
Q

Kingdom of Benin exported goods of

A

pepper, cloth, ivory, and enslaved persons

99
Q

Where is the Benin Plaque with Oba located today

A

Britain

AcaDec 2023_24 (25 decks)

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