Art Section 3 Flashcards by Jerri Van Sickle

The compass was invented in

China

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How many masts does a full-rigged ship have?

3 masts
with 5 to 6 sails

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Egyptian and Syrian raw material markets were vital for Venetian

glass

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What stones did Europeans import from Afghanistan to use in artwork?

lapis lazuli

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The first known printers were the

Sumerians - imprinted messages on clay tablets

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Moveable type did not initially succeed in China because

Materials used in moveable type prints were not durable or effective

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Wang Chen’s most famous text focused on

agriculture

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Wang Chen’s text was called

Nung Shu

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Wang Chen helped with the growth of moveable type by

innovations allowed for woodblocks to last longer, arrange characters more efficiently

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How many Gutenberg printing presses existed in Europe by 1500

1,000

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The type pieces used in Gutenberg’s press were made of

lead

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What artistic movement expanded greatly following the invention of the Gutenberg press

Renaissance

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The oldest form of printing is

woodcutting
which originated in China in the 3rd century

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Who created the Samson Rending the Lion print?

Albrecht Durer

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Albrecht Durer worked with what art medium

woodcuts and engravings

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Albrecht Durer achieved financial success for his artwork by

by marketing his artwork

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What art techniques involves engraving small dots?

stipple engraving

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What form in Melencolia I is considered to represent Durer himself

winged female figure

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Renaissance-era medicine belied that a melancholic state and creative genius was associated with

excessive black bile

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To protect his finances and artwork Albrecht Durer

filed the first artistic copyright lawsuit

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In Durer’s Melencolia I, the influence of Italian art is evident in

the physical volume of the objects

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What elements in Durer’s Melencolia I represents practical knowledge?

the winged infant writing on the slate

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The light in the horizon of Durer’s Melencolia represents

the hope of overcoming depressive melancholy

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Which of the seven liberal arts of artistic creation do the tools in the foreground of Melencolia I represent

geometry

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In his artwork, Durer most frequently explored

modernity, culture, and secularization

The advent of linear perspective primarily allowed artists to

convey space on two-dimensional surfaces

Artists from what ancient civilizations first figured out how to create the appearance of space in images

Greek's

Italian artist who invented linear perspective

Filippo Brunelleschi

Linear perspective does not use

vertical lines -it does use vanishing point, structural grid, horizon line, diagonal lines

In linear perspective, orthogonals are

diagonal lines

What artist created the work "Holy Trinity"

Massacio - one of the earliest examples of the use of linear perspective

A work of art in which the most important figures are largest in size is using

hierarchic scale

What cultural changes contributed to the adoption of linear perspective

secularization

Linear perspective enabled what methods of precise representation

drawings to scale, which enabled maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams to be more precise

What wealthy Florentine family commissioned Fra Filippo Lippi's The Annunciation

Medici - wanted to hang it in his family's palace, Palazzo Medici

Fra Filippo Lippi's The Annuncation was painted on a semi-circular wood panel, a shape called

lunette - an intended to decorate an arched doorway or hang over a bed

What religious figure is the main subject of Fra Filippo Lippi's The Annuncation

Virgin Mary

Fra Filippo Lippi created art during what time period

Quattrocentro or 15th century

Fra Filippo Lippi was exposed to what artist when he was an orphan living in a monastery

Masaccio

What Christian symbol does The Annuciation not contain

Christ - does have golden haloes, white dove, archangel Gabriel, hand of God

Filippo Brunelleschi's dome is in

Florence

What subject was the focus of De Pictura

linear perspective

Leon Battista Alberti's original attitude toward the intellectual achievements of his contemporaries could be described as

pessimistic

The site of Brunelleschi's dome remained unfinished for a long time because

previous architects could not adequately construct the cathedral

What architectural styles influenced Brunelleshi's rending of buildings

Gothic, Roman, Byzantine, Persian

What architectural styles frequently made use of double shelled domes

Persian

Brunelleschi's dome is made of

bricks

How many supporting vertical ribs on Brunelleschi's dome can be seen from the exterior

Eight

Binding agent used in medieval tempera paint

egg yolk

a disadvantage of medieval tempera paint was

difficult to blend tones together

Artist among the pioneers for using oil paint on panel pictures

Jan van Eyck

Artist who painted Merode Altarpiece

Robert Campin used oil paint on a wooden triptych

Gesso is a

paint binder applied to surface of a canvas prior to painting

Canvas became popular in Venice prior to the rest of Europe because

Venitian climate was humid, meant frescos and panel paintings were not durable

City that became the enter of European art during the Baroque era

Florence

By the 17th century the primary medium of painting was

oil

The term "Baroque" comes from the Portuguese word for

pearl

Baroque was coined by art critics for

drama and turbulence of the style

Artemisia Gentileschi received artistic training from her

father

After a patron hired another painter to replace her, Artemisia Gentileschi wrote in a letter

"people have cheated me" and "If I were a man, I can't imagine it would have turned out this way"

Artemisia Gentileschi became best known for painting

women of strength

Judith saved the city of Bethulia in the Old Testament by

Tricking the Assyrian general and killing him in his sleep

Patrons of the Baroque era delighted in

erotic and violent scenes

Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith and Her Maidservant focuses on

the moment after the event

In Judith and Her Maidservant, Judith's right hand is

holding a sword - it's Holofernes's, the general

In Judith and Her Maidservant, the maidservant is

shoving Holofernes's head into a sack

Term that refers to the use of contrasting light and dark in a painting palette

tenebrism - a hallmark of the Baroque period

Artemisia Gentileschi's childhood teacher went to jail of

rape - may explain Artemisia's ambivalence towards men and heroization of women

Oldest manmade material is

bronze

Who invented cristallo glass

Angelo Barovier in the mid-15th century

Novel process that allowed for the creation of cristallo glass is

lixiviation -involves purification of plant-ash flux

What aspect of cristallo glass turned it into a status symbol

transparency

Late medieval Venetian glass manufacturing took place on the island of

Murano -by order of the government

Silica is derived from the mineral

quartz

Role of the flux in the cristallo glass-making process was to

reduce the necessary heat for making glass

What saints are shown on the Behaim Beaker

St. Catherine, St. Michael

Behaim Beaker was produced for a

wedding

Behaim family was from

Nuremberg

The influence of disegno visible in the Behaim Beaker

the beaker is ornately decorated across its surface

Early modern Europeans believed rock crystal was effective in

detecting poison

Institution who has not agreed to repatriate the Benin bronzes in their collection

the British Museum

Oba is the Yoruba and Bini word for

king

Kingdom of Benin occupied the land of modern-day

Nigeria

Metal work in Benin expanded under trade with

Portugal

Lost-wax casting of Benin closely resembles art made in ancient

Greece

Type of cat depicted in the Benin Plaque with Oba

leopard

Benin plaques were displayed

on supportive columns in the palace

What part of the Benin Plaque with Oba is sculpted in low relief

the leaves

Wax is used in lost-wax casting as a way

to form a hollow in the mold

Manillas are

bracelets made of metal - served as form of common currency, and were melted down for bronze artwork

Loss of the Benin bronzes were devasting to the people of Benin

they were the only historical records of the kingdom

The mudfish in the Benin Plaque with Oba symbolizes the oba's ability to

move between divine and earthly worlds

What part of the oba's body is disproportionately large

Head - believed to have a person's intelligence, personality, and destiny in it

An oba projection is the oba's

crown

How thick are the Benin bronze plaques

2 inches

Principles of geometry served as the basis for the development of

linear perspective

What religious figure did Fra Filippo Lippi depict in The Annunciation

Gabriel

Kingdom of Benin exported goods of

pepper, cloth, ivory, and enslaved persons

Where is the Benin Plaque with Oba located today

Britain