Arrival and Approach Procedures Oxford Flashcards
Arrival Route/Segment.
The arrival segment begins at the point the aircraft ______ from the _______ airways system to begin the _________ arrival. This will normally be a radio navigation facility. If this is __ NM or more from the ________, a ____ will be specified. If the distance is less than __ NM then the aircraft will route directly from the point of leaving the airway to the facility serving as the ___ for the procedure. In either case, the en route ___ is applied and the altitude specified for the aircraft to be over the IAF is not below the highest ___ for the aerodrome. It is usual for aircraft to be radar vectored from a convenient point, to the final approach track.
Arrival Route/Segment. The arrival segment begins at the point the aircraft departs from the en route airways system to begin the instrument arrival. This will normally be a radio navigation facility. If this is 25 NM or more from the aerodrome, a standard arrival route (STAR) will be specified. If the distance is less than 25 NM then the aircraft will route directly from the point of leaving the airway to the facility serving as the IAF for the procedure. In either case, the en route MOC is applied and the altitude specified for the aircraft to be over the IAF is not below the highest MSA for the aerodrome. It is usual for aircraft to be radar vectored from a convenient point, to the final approach track.
Initial Segment.
In the initial segment, the aircraft is directed to a point at which the __________ segment can be intercepted. It starts at the ___ and ends at the __. Aircraft speed and configuration will depend upon distance from the aerodrome and any need for descent. ___ in the initial segment is ___ m (___ ft). Track guidance is normally provided with a maximum intercept angle to the IF of __° for a precision approach and ___° for a non-precision approach. If track guidance to the IF is not available, a DR segment may be specified. For the DR segment, the interception angle to the intermediate segment track must be no greater then __°, and the length of the DR track, no more than __ NM. Where a straight-in approach is not feasible or there is no suitable remote IAF or IF, a ____ reversal, ______ or _____ pattern is required.
Initial Segment. In the initial segment, the aircraft is directed to a point at which the intermediate segment can be intercepted. It starts at the IAF and ends at the IF. Aircraft speed and configuration will depend upon distance from the aerodrome and any need for descent. MOC in the initial segment is 300 m (984 ft). Track guidance is normally provided with a maximum intercept angle to the IF of 90° for a precision approach and 120° for a non-precision approach. If track guidance to the IF is not available, a DR segment may be specified. For the DR segment, the interception angle to the intermediate segment track must be no greater then 45°, and the length of the DR track, no more than 10 NM. Where a straight-in approach is not feasible or there is no suitable remote IAF or IF, a track reversal, racetrack or holding pattern is required.
Intermediate Segment.
This is the segment in which the aircraft ____ and __________ is adjusted to prepare for the final approach. Descent in this segment is kept to a minimum. It starts at the __ and ends at the ___. If no ___ exists, it ends when the aircraft is established on the final ______ track. The ____ in the intermediate segment reduces from ___ m at the IF to ___ m at the end of the segment.
Intermediate Segment.
This is the segment in which the aircraft speed and configuration is adjusted to prepare for the final approach. Descent in this segment is kept to a minimum. It starts at the IF and ends at the FAF. If no FAF exists, it ends when the aircraft is established on the final inbound track. The MOC in the intermediate segment reduces from 300 m at the IF to 150 m at the end of the segment.
Final Segment.
The beginning of the final segment depends upon the type of _______ and the availability of a suitable ___. In this segment, the aircraft is finally configured, alignment with the runway takes place and descent for landing is commenced.
Final Segment. The beginning of the final segment depends upon the type of approach and the availability of a suitable FAF. In this segment, the aircraft is finally configured, alignment with the runway takes place and descent for landing is commenced.
Non-precision with FAF.
For a non-precision procedure with a FAF, the final segment starts at the ___ and ends at the ____. The FAF will be positioned on the final approach track at a distance from the threshold of the landing runway that permits aircraft configuration for final approach/landing and descent from the intermediate altitude to the MDA/H. MOC is incorporated in the calculation of MDA/H. The optimum distance of the FAF from the threshold is _ NM, maximum is __ NM and the minimum 3NM. A step-down fix may be incorporated for obstacle clearance purposes in which case, two OCA/H values will be published.
Non-precision with FAF. For a non-precision procedure with a FAF, the final segment starts at the FAF and ends at the MAPt. The FAF will be positioned on the final approach track at a distance from the threshold of the landing runway that permits aircraft configuration for final approach/landing and descent from the intermediate altitude to the MDA/H. MOC is incorporated in the calculation of MDA/H. The optimum distance of the FAF from the threshold is 5 NM, maximum is 10 NM and the minimum 3NM. A step-down fix may be incorporated for obstacle clearance purposes in which case, two OCA/H values will be published.
Non-precision without FAF.
This situation will normally occur at an aerodrome where there is only one facility on or near the aerodrome that is used as both the ___ and the ____. In this case it is unlikely that the final approach track will be aligned with the runway centre line and therefore descent to MDA/H will be made when the aircraft is established ______ on the final approach track.
Non-precision without FAF. This situation will normally occur at an aerodrome where there is only one facility on or near the aerodrome that is used as both the IAF and the MAPt. In this case it is unlikely that the final approach track will be aligned with the runway centre line and therefore descent to MDA/H will be made when the aircraft is established inbound on the final approach track.
Precision Approach.
For ILS/MLS the final segment begins at the Final Approach ___. This is defined as the point in space on localiser centre line (or the specified MLS azimuth) where the intermediate approach altitude intercepts the nominal glide path. This can occur at heights between ___ m and ___ m which in the case of a 3° (300 ft/NM) glide path, will be between _ NM and __ NM from touchdown. MOC is included in the calculation for DA/H but requires the pilot to fly the aircraft with no more than half scale deflection of the CDI. At some point during the final segment, a fix will be specified where glide path information can be verified.
Precision Approach. For ILS/MLS the final segment begins at the Final Approach Point (FAP). This is defined as the point in space on localizer centre line (or the specified MLS azimuth) where the intermediate approach altitude intercepts the nominal glide path. This can occur at heights between 300 m (1000 ft) and 900 m (3000 ft) which in the case of a 3° (300 ft/NM) glide path, will be between 3 NM and 10 NM from touchdown. MOC is included in the calculation for DA/H but requires the pilot to fly the aircraft with no more than half scale deflection of the CDI. At some point during the final segment, a fix will be specified where glide path information can be verified.
Missed Approach.
In the event that the necessary visual criteria is not obtained at DA/H or MDA/H the final part of an instrument procedure permits a return to the ___ for another attempt or to establish the aircraft on a departure profile to go to another (alternate) aerodrome.
Missed Approach.
In the event that the necessary visual criteria is not obtained at DA/H or MDA/H the final part of an instrument procedure permits a return to the IAF for another attempt or to establish the aircraft on a departure profile to go to another (alternate) aerodrome.
Track reversal and racetracks
Requirement.
If a _______ approach is not possible (or feasible), a procedure may be established using a facility on the aerodrome that serves both as the __ and the ____. In this case, some form of track reversal procedure will be required in which the aircraft is flown outbound from the facility on a defined track, and then turned to fly inbound back towards the facility. This may be a procedure turn or a base turn.
If a straight-in approach is not possible (or feasible), a procedure may be established using a facility on the aerodrome that serves both as the IAF and the MAPt. In this case, some form of track reversal procedure will be required in which the aircraft is flown outbound from the facility on a defined track, and then turned to fly inbound back towards the facility. This may be a procedure turn or a base turn.
