Arrival and Approach Procedures Flashcards
The instrument approach procedure have five separate segments, these include:
- Arrival
- Initial
- Intermediate
- Final
- Missed approach
Between the arrival and the initial segment you will find the -
Between the initial and the intermediate segment you will the -
Between the intermediate and the final segment you will the -
Between the final and the missed approach segment you will the -
Initial Approach Fix(IAF)
Intermediate fix(IF)
Final Approach Fix/Final Approach Point(FAP)
Missed Approach Point(MAPt)
In the case of non-precision approaches, a straight-in approach is considered acceptable if the angle between the final approach track and the runway centre line is __ degrees or ___
In the case of non-precision approaches, a straight-in approach is considered acceptable if the angle between the final approach track and the runway centre line is 30 degrees or less
A circling approach will be specified in those cases where terrain or other constraints cause the final approach track alignment or descent gradient to fall outside the criteria for a -
straight-in approach
Category A = Category B = Category C = Category D = Category E =
Category A = Less than 91kts Category B = 91kts to 120kts Category C = 121kts to 140kts Category D = 141kts to 165kts Category E = 166kts to 211kts
The criterion taken into consideration for the classification of aeroplanes by categories is the indicated airspeed at threshold(Vat), which is equal to the -
Or -
If both VSO and VS1G are available, the
Vso x 1.3 at maximum landing mass
Vs1g in the landing configuration x 1.23 at maximum landing mass
higher resulting Vat shall apply.
Maximum speed for reversal and racetrack procedures up to and including 6 000ft is -
Maximum speed for reversal and racetrack procedures above 6 000ft is -
100kts
110kts
The three types of non-precision approach descent techniques?
Continuous Descent Final Approach(CDFA)
Constant Angle Descent
Stepdown Descent
The type of non-precision approach which does NOT involve level flight at or above MDA/H -
CDFA
The type of non-precision approach that involves flying a constant angle until the MDA/H, and if no visual requires are met, continues to fly level until the MAPt -
Constant angle descent
The type off non-precision approach which involves immediate step-down descents to not below the next step-down fix or MDA/H up until the MAPt -
This technique remains acceptable as long as the achieved descent gradient remains less than -
Stepdown Descent
15%
Adequate space for descent is provided by establishing a maximum allowable descent gradient for each segment of the procedure. The minimum/optimum descent gradient/angle in the ___ approach of a procedure with __ is __ per cent/3.0 degrees per NM. where a steeper descent gradient is necessary, the maximum permissible is __ per cent/3.7 degrees per NM for category A and B and __/3.0 degrees for category C, D and E.
Adequate space for descent is provided by establishing a maximum allowable descent gradient for each segment of the procedure. The minimum/optimum descent gradient/angle in the final approach of a procedure with FAF is 5.2 per cent/3.0 degrees per NM. where a steeper descent gradient is necessary, the maximum permissible is 6.5 per cent/3.7 degrees per NM for category A and B and 6.1/3.0 degrees for category C, D and E.
For procedures with no FAF, the maximum and minimum rates of descent for:
- Category A and B
- Category C, D and E is?
- 394ft/min minimum and 655ft/min maximum
2. 590ft/min minimum and 1 000ft/min maximum
The initial approach segment begins at the -
Initial Approach Fix(IAF)
The initial approach segment begins at the -
Initial Approach Fix(IAF)
Arrival Segment:
The width of the protection area decreases form the en-route value until the initial approach value with a maximum convergence angle of -
This convergence begins at __nm before the IAF if the length of the arrival route is greater than or equal to __nm. It begins at the starting point of the arrival route if the length of the arrival route is less than __nm.
30 degrees either side of the axis
This convergence begins at 25nm before the IAF if the length of the arrival route is greater than or equal to 25nm. It begins at the starting point of the arrival route if the length of the arrival route is less than 25nm.
Arrival Segment:
The arrival route normally ends at the -
IAF
Initial Approach Segment:
The initial approach segment begins at the __ and ends at the __. In the initial approach, the aircraft has left the _____ structure and is manoeuvring to enter the ________ approach segment.
3.1.1.2 Aircraft speed and configuration will depend on the distance from the aerodrome, and the descent required.
Minimum Obstacle Clearance:
The initial approach segment provides at least ___ m (_____ ft) of obstacle clearance in the ______ area, reducing laterally to zero at the outer edge of the ________ area.
The initial approach segment begins at the initial approach fix (IAF) and ends at the intermediate fix (IF). In the initial approach, the aircraft has left the en-route structure and is manoeuvring to enter the intermediate approach segment.
3.1.1.2 Aircraft speed and configuration will depend on the distance from the aerodrome, and the descent required.
The initial approach segment provides at least 300 m (1000 ft) of obstacle clearance in the primary area, reducing laterally to zero at the outer edge of the secondary area.
Initial Approach Segment:
The 4 types of instrument track reversal procedures -
- 45/180 procedure turn
- 80/260 procedure turn
- Base turns
- Racetrack procedures
The 3 types of base turns -
1min, 2min and 3min.
The three types of racetrack procedures:
1min, 2min and 3min.
Procedure turn 45/180:
After the straight guided leg the aircraft makes a 45 degree turn into the second leg of the procedure. The timing for this leg is:
- For category A and B
- For category C, D and E
1 minute
1 minute 15 seconds
Racetrack procedure entry:
- Offset entry from sector 2 shall limit the time on the 30 degree offset track to _ minute __ seconds, after which the pilot is expected to turn to a heading parallel the outbound track for the remainder of the outbound time(if the racetrack procedure is over 1 minute). If the outbound time is only _ minute, the time on the 30 degree offset track shall be _ minute also;
- Parallel entry shall not return directly to the ______ without first intercepting the inbound track when proceeding to the final segment of the approach procedure; and
- all manoeuvring shall be done in so far as possible on the manoeuvring side of the _______ track.
Racetrack procedure entry:
- Offset entry from sector 2 shall limit the time on the 30 degree offset track to 1 minute 30 seconds, after which the pilot is expected to turn to a heading parallel the outbound track for the remainder of the outbound time(if the racetrack procedure is over 1 minute). If the outbound time is only 1 minute, the time on the 30 degree offset track shall be 1 minute also;
- Parallel entry shall not return directly to the facility without first intercepting the inbound track when proceeding to the final segment of the approach procedure; and
- all manoeuvring shall be done in so far as possible on the manoeuvring side of the inbound track.
Unless the procedure specifies particular restrictions, reversal procedures shall be entered from a track within +/- __ of the outbound track of the reversal procedure.
Unless the procedure specifies particular restrictions, reversal procedures shall be entered from a track within +/- 30 of the outbound track of the reversal procedure.
