Argumentation and Persuasion: Forms of Argumentation Flashcards
What are the three main styles of argumentation?
Classical, toulmin and rogerian model
What is the classical model?
Ancient greece. Oral arguments and designed to be easily understood. Based on logic, syllogism. Six main components.
What are the components of a classical model?
Introduction: Captures attention of audience
Statement of Background: Narrates key events/facts
Proposition: States position you are taking
Proof: Discusses reasons for position and adds evidence
Refutation: Anticipates opposing views but shows why your position is better than the opposing
Conclusion: Summarizes most important points (pathos)
What is the Toulmin model?
British philosopher. Logic is based on probability rather than certainty. Focuses on claims. 3 primary components.
What are the components of the Toulmin model? (like a law case)
Claim: the main point
Data: Evidence supporting the claim
Warrant: Underlying assumption or basic principle that connects data and claim, often implied rather than explicit.
What is the Rogerian model?
Psychologist. Problem solving. Author to appear open minded. Six primary components.
What are the components of the Rogerian model?
Introduction: Statement of problem to be solved
Summary of Opposing Views; Described using a seemingly objective persona
Statement of understanding: Concedes circumstances under which opposing views might be valid.
Statement of your position
Statement of contexts: Describes context for your position
Statement of benefits: Appeals to self interest of readers who may not yet agree with you.
Modified Classical argumentation
A great place to begin essay writing. Five components
Components of Modified Classical
Claim: The writer wants the reader to accept.
Sub-claim: The reader wants to consider a reasonable point, helps prove the claim
Evidence: Material proves claims/sub-claims
Analysis: Explains the evidence
Concession/Refutation: Acknowledging reasonable opposing arguments.
