APUSHch3

Question 1

J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur

Answer 1

A Frenchman who wrote , “America is a new man, who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. From involuntary idleness, servile dependence, and useless labor, he has passed to toils of a very different nature, rewarded by ample subsistence. This is an American.” (1782)

Question 2

immigrants

Answer 2

Many immigrants who came to American were Protestant French, German-speaking, or Scotch-Irish. They were fleeing religious persecution and wars, as well as seeking economic opportunities. Africans were also brought in large numbers to the colonies, albeit unwillingly.

Question 3

English cultural domination

Answer 3

Most of the population of the colonies was English, but Africans and Europeans created some diversity in the culture of the colonies.

Question 4

self-government

Answer 4

Each colony had a representative assembly that was elected by voters (white, land-owning males). Rhode Island and Connecticut also voted on their governor, but the other colonies had an appointed (by King or proprietor) governor.

Question 5

religious toleration

Answer 5

Massachusetts was the least tolerant in matters of religion, excluding non-Christians and Catholics. Rhode Island and Pennsylvania were the most liberal.

Question 6

hereditary aristocracy

Answer 6

There was no hereditary aristocracy in the colonies. Their class system was based on economics with wealthy landowners at the tope, and craftspeople and common people made up the majority.

Question 7

social mobility

Answer 7

Everyone in colonial society, except African Americans, could improve their status/standard of living with hard work.

Question 8

colonial families

Answer 8

Family was very important in the colonies; couples married young and had many children. Most families lived on farms. Men worked, owned land, and dominated politics. Women did housework, educated the children, and worked with her husband.

Question 9

subsistence farming

Answer 9

Farming that provides for the needs of the people on the farm, but nothing else. (New England mainly)

Question 10

established church

Answer 10

Churches that were financed by taxes. (Anglican Church in Virginia/Congregational Church in Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut)

Question 11

Great Awakening

Answer 11

A movement characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people. (1730-1740)

Question 12

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 12

Argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness; people who repented could by saved by God’s grace, but those who did nothing would go to Hell.

Question 13

George Whitefield

Answer 13

(1739) Stressed that God was all powerful and would save only those who openly professed faith in Christ Jesus. Taught that with sincere faith, ordinary people could understand scripture without ministers.

Question 14

Georgian style

Answer 14

An architectual style of London, mimicked in the colonies; characterized by symmetrical placement of windows and dormers and a spacious center hall flanked by two fireplaces. Only found on eastern seaboard.

Question 15

Benjamin West

Answer 15

Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist along with John Copley

Question 16

John Copley

Answer 16

Painter who went to England to acquire the necessary training and financial support to establish himself as a prominent artist along with Benjamin West

Question 17

Cotton Mather

Answer 17

Author of several widely read religious tracts; a minister from Massachusetts

Question 18

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 18

Writer and scientist; author of Poor Richard’s Almanack and inventor of bifocal eyeglasses

Question 19

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Answer 19

Written by Benjamin Franklin, this book written in 1732 contained aphorisms and advice.

Question 20

Phillis Wheatley

Answer 20

Her poetry is noteworthy for her triumph over slavery and for it’s quality

Question 21

John Bartram

Answer 21

Self-taught botanist of Philadelphia

Question 22

sectarian; nonsectarian

Answer 22

Existing to promote the doctrines of a specific religion; many colleges were this, except for the College of Philadelphia

Question 23

professions; religion, medicine, law

Answer 23

Ministers, Physicians, and Lawyers (due to legal support of revolution) were all respected careers in the 18th century.

Question 24

John Peter Zenger; libel case

Answer 24

Published a true, but unflattering article about New York’s royal governor. He was acquited by the jury. (1735)

Question 25

Andrew Hamilton

Answer 25

Lawyer for Zenger in the Zenger case. (1735)

Question 26

colonial governors

Answer 26

In the royal colonies, these were appointed by the King; in the proprietary colonies, these were appointed by the proprietor; in Rhode Island and Connecticut, these were elected by popular vote

Question 27

colonial legislatures

Answer 27

In every colony the lower of these two houses was elected; this lower house controlled taxes. Only in Rhode Island and Connecticut were the upper houses elected.

Question 28

town meetings

Answer 28

The dominant form of local government in the New England colonies

Question 29

county government

Answer 29

In the South, local government was carried on by a sheriff and other officials who served…

Question 30

limited democracy

Answer 30

Only white, land-owning males could vote, and colonial assemblies mostly represented the elite.