APUSHch14

Question 1

Fort Sumter

Answer 1

South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort.

Question 2

habeas corpus

Answer 2

The right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime; during the Civil War Abraham Lincoln suspended this

Question 3

border states

Answer 3

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did not secede.

Question 4

Confederate States of America

Answer 4

The confederation formed in 1861 by the Southern states after their secession from the Union: South Carolina, Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabam, Georgia, Louisiana

Question 5

Jefferson Davis

Answer 5

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865

Question 6

Alexander H. Stephens

Answer 6

Vice President of the Confederate States of America, in defense of states’ rights, urged the secession of Georgia in response to the “despotic” actions of the Confederacy

Question 7

Bull Run

Answer 7

1st real battle of Civil War, Confederate victory, Washingtonian spectators gather to watch battle, Gen. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side (July 1861)

Question 8

Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson

Answer 8

A confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches bold flanking movements and furious assaults. He earned his nickname at the battle of first bull run for standing courageously against union fire. During the battle of chancellorsville his own men accidently mortally wounded him.

Question 9

Anaconda Plan

Answer 9

Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south

Question 10

George McClellan

Answer 10

A major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Early in the war, McClellan played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for the Union. Chronically underestimated force of confederate army, leading to failure of Peninsula Campaign and was fired.

Question 11

Robert E. Lee

Answer 11

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force.

Question 12

Antietam

Answer 12

(AL), 1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. Even though he had Lee’s battle plans, McClellan hesitated to attack in this Maryland battle, leading to an unconvincing Union victory. The win was important, however, as it stopped the Confederate invasion of the North and gave Lincoln the victory he was waiting for to act on slavery

Question 13

Fredericksburg

Answer 13

On December 13, 1862, General A.E. Burnsides launched a rash frontal attack on Lee’s strong position at the city. Not smart. Lots of Northerners died. Burnsides’ blunder led to replacement by Hooker, who’s ensuing failure led to the appointment of Meade to General. Meade won Gettysburg.

Question 14

Monitor and Merrimac

Answer 14

First engagement ever between two iron-clad naval vessels. The two ships battled in a portion of the Cheasepeake Bay known as Hampton Roads for five hours on March 9, 1862, ending in a draw. Monitor - Union. Merrimac - Confederacy. Historians use the name of the original ship Merrimac on whose hull the Southern ironclad was constructed, even though the official Confederate name for their ship was the CSS Virginia.

Question 15

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 15

When the American Civil War began (1861), he was appointed brigadier general; his 1862 attack on Fort Donelson, Tenn., produced the first major Union victory. He drove off a Confederate attack at Shiloh but was criticized for heavy Union losses. He devised the campaign to take the stronghold of Vicksburg, Miss., in 1863, cutting the Confederacy in half from east to west. Following his victory at the Battle of Chattanooga in 1864, he was appointed commander of the Union army. While Gen. William T. Sherman made his famous march across Georgia, Grant attacked forces under Gen. Robert E. Lee in Virginia, bringing the war to an end in 1865. Grant’s administrative ability and innovative strategies were largely responsible for the Union victory.

Question 16

Shiloh

Answer 16

Major battle in the American Civil War, fought April 6-7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack against the Union Army of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. The Confederates achieved considerable success on the first day but were ultimately defeated on the second day. Terrible losses on both sides.

Question 17

David Farragut

Answer 17

First U. S. Navy admiral and was responsible for the successful blockade of the South during the Civil War

Question 18

Trent Affair

Answer 18

In 1861 the Confederacy sent emissaries James Mason to Britain and John Slidell to France and Britain to lobby for recognition. A Union ship captured both men and took them to Boston as prisoners. The British were angry and Lincoln ordered their release. The South did not get recognition from Britain or France in the end.

Question 19

Confiscation acts

Answer 19

Series of laws passed by federal government designed to liberate slaves in seceded states; authorized Union seizure of rebel property, and stated that all slaves who fought with Confederate military services were freed of further obligations to their masters; virtually emancipation act of all slaves in Confederacy

Question 20

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 20

Sept. 22, 1862-Lincoln issued it and freed all the slaves in the Confederate states, but slaves in Border States loyal to the Union remained enslaved. It only applied to states in rebellion (Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe.

Question 21

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 21

The constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude

Question 22

Gettysburg

Answer 22

1863-General Lee lead the Confederate troops into Pennsylvania. He surprised the units in Gettysburg and the battle was the most crucial and bloodiest of the war. The victory at Gettysburg belonged to Lincoln and the Union. Turning point; last offensive attack of the South.

Question 23

Vicksburg

Answer 23

Grant besieged the city from May 18 to July 4, 1863, until it surrendered, yielding command of the Mississippi River to the Union.

Question 24

Sherman’s March

Answer 24

(1864-1865) Union General William Tecmseh Sherman’s destructive March through Georgia. An early instance of “total war”, puposely targeting infrastucture and civialian property to diminish moral and undercut the confederate war effort.

Question 25

Election of 1864

Answer 25

Many northerners unhappy with war and Lincoln in danger of losing election -Democrats nominate McClellan in an effort to defeat Lincoln and negotiate an end to war (Lincoln’s former general) -Sherman’s capture of Atlanta 2 months before election signaled to everyone that Union victory is within reach and Lincoln wins; McClellan did take 45% of popular vote though.

Question 26

Appomattox Court House

Answer 26

Site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant (April 9, 1865)

Question 27

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 27

An American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.

Question 28

Copperheads

Answer 28

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the South

Question 29

Ex Parte Milligan

Answer 29

Supreme Court decided that the suspension of habeas corpus was unconstitutional because civilian courts were still operating, and the Constitution of the United States (according to the Court) only provided for suspension of habeas corpus if these courts are actually forced closed. In essence, the court ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians in areas where civil courts were open, even during wartime.

Question 30

draft riots

Answer 30

Conscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers

Question 31

greenbacks

Answer 31

Name given to paper money issued by the government during the Civil War, so called because the back side was printed with green ink. They were not redeemable for gold, but $300 million were issued anyway. Farmers hit by the depression wanted to inflate the notes to cover losses, but Grant vetoed an inflation bill and greenbacks were added to permanent circulation. In 1879 the federal government finally made greenbacks redeemable for gold.

Question 32

Morrill Tariff Act (1861)

Answer 32

Raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers; high protective tarrifs to project industrialists

Question 33

Homestead Act (1862)

Answer 33

Encouraged westward settlement by allowing heads of families to buy 160 acres of land for a small fee ($10-30); settlers were required to develop and remain on the land for five years. Over 400,000 families got land through this law.

Question 34

Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)

Answer 34

Encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges

Question 35

Pacific Railway Act (1862)

Answer 35

Authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the economies of California and the western territories to the Eastern states