APUSHch18 Flashcards
Old Immigrants vs. “New” Immigrants
Old: Northern European (English, Germans, Irish Catholics), assimilated easier, high skill level, often spoke English New: South/Eastern, wouldn’t assimilate, close- knit community, uneducated, poor, unskilled laborers
Statue Of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, designed by Fr_d_ric Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886. Hope for immigrants to find a better life in US.
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. Stemmed from fear of Americans that their jobs would be taken.
American Protective Association
Major anti-immigrant organization founded by Henry Bowers who despised Catholics and foreigners; organization wanted to stop immigration
tenements
Landlords divided up inner-city housing into small, rooms with ventilation shafts in the center to provide windows for each room and could cram over 4,000 people into one city block. These urban apartment buildings that served as housing for poor factory workers. Often poorly constructed.
suburbs
Residential areas that sprang up close to or surrounding cities as a result of improvements in transportation. The middle and upper class moved to these areas, leaving the poor in the cities.
Frederick Law Olmsted
Designer of New York City’s Central Park, who wanted cities that exposed people to the beauties of nature. One of his projects, the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893, gave a rise to the influential “City Beautiful” movement. Designed suburban communities with graceful curved roads and open spaces.
settlement house
Houses for immigrants where instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. The first of these was the Hull House, which was opened by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women’s and labor movements.
Jane Addams
Prominent social reformer who was responsible for creating the Hull House. She helped other women join the fight for reform, as well as influencing the creation of other settlement houses.
Johns Hopkins University
Founded in Baltimore in 1876 as the first US institution to specialize in advanced graduate studies. Emphasized research and free inquiry.
Clarance Darrow
Lawyer who argued that criminal behavior could be caused by a person’s environment of poverty, neglect, and abuse.
W.E.B. DuBois
Black intellectual who challenged Booker T. Washington’s ideas on combating Jim Crow; he called for the black community to demand immediate equality and was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Wanted access to higher education for the “talented tenth” of African American youth.
Mark Twain
Author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) revealed the greed, violence, and racism in American society
Stephen Crane
Author of Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) and Red Badge of Courage
Jack London
Author of The Call of the Wild (1903) which portrayed the conflict between nature and civilization
Theodore Dreiser
Author of Sister Carrie (1900), a novel about a poor working girl in Chicago
Winslow Homer
Foremost American painter of seascapes an dwatercolors
Ashcan School
The late 1800s school of artists who supported progressive political and social reform. They turned to city streets, the slums, and the working class for subject matter.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Considered America’s greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.
John Phillip Sousa
USA, 19-20th Century, “March King”, Marine Corps bandmaster, Works: Semper Fidelis, Stars and Stripes Forever, Washington Post March, El Capitan
Jelly Roll Morton
African American pianist, composer, arranger, and band leader from New Orleans; Bridged that gap between the piano styles of ragtime and jazz; Was the first important jazz composer
jazz
A form of music that combined African rhythms with western-style instruments and mixed improvisation with a structured band format
Joseph Pulitzer
His New York World newspaper was the first newspaper to exceed a million in circulation. Filled newspaper with stories of crimes and disasters and feature stories about political and economic corruption.
William Randolph Hearst
A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate “yellow (sensationalist) journalism.”
P.T. Barnum/James A. Bailey
The inventors of the circus, who made it the “Greatest Show on Earth” in the 1880s.
Buffalo Bill/Annie Oakley
The two people who introduced the theme of “Wild West” to entertainment in the 1880s.
John L. Sullivan
Most famous athlete of the 19th century, who was a heavyweight boxer.
melting pot/cultural diversity
The mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. The United States, with its history of immigration, has often been called a melting pot.
