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Semester 1 > APES Chapter 5 > Flashcards

APES Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxia

A

low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the bottom of waters

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2
Q

System

A

a network of relationships amoung parts, elements, or components that interact with influence one another through the exchange of energy, matter or information

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3
Q

Feedback

A

when a system’s output can serve as an input to the same system

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4
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

an output that results form a system that acts as an input that moves the system in a different direction

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5
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

an output that results from a system that acts as an input but drives it to the extreme

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6
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

when a system is stabilized by negative feedback and the processes move in oposing diections at equilivilent rates, their effects balance out

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

the tendency of a system to maintain constant or stable internal conditions

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8
Q

Emergent Properties

A

characteristics not evident in the components alone

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9
Q

Watershed

A

the entire area of land that a river drains

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10
Q

Eutrophication

A

the process of nutrient enrichment, increased production of organic matter, and subsequent ecosystem degradation a water body

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11
Q

Biosphere

A

all the planet’s organisms and abiotic portions of the environment

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12
Q

Lithosphere

A

planets uppermost layers, rock and sediment

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13
Q

Atmosphere

A

composed of air surrounding our planet

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14
Q

Hydrosphere

A

encompasses all water (salt/fresh, liquid, ice, vapor)

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15
Q

Ecosystem

A

all living and nonliving entities that occur and interact in a particular area at the same time

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16
Q

Gross Primary Production

A

the assimilation of energy by autotrophs

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17
Q

Net Primary Production

A

energy that is left over after respiration and that is used to generate biomass

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18
Q

Productivity

A

the rate that production occurs

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19
Q

Net Primary Productivity

A

the rate at which net primary production is produced

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20
Q

Ecotones

A

areas called transitional zones where elements of each ecosystem mix

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21
Q

Landscape Ecology

A

the study of how landscape affects the abundance, distribution and interaction of organisms

22
Q

Patches

A

landscape made up of spacial array

23
Q

Mosaic

A

when patches that are spread spatially over the landscape

24
Q

Metapopulation

A

populations that move along patches and mate with members of other patches

25
Q

Conservation Biologists

A

scientists who study the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity

26
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

tool used for research in landscape ecology

27
Q

Model

A

a simplified representation of a complex natural process, used to help us understand how the process occurs and makes predictions

28
Q

Ecological Modeling

A

the practice of constructing and testing models to explain and predict how ecological systems function

29
Q

Ecosystem Services

A

a servie an ecosystem provides that supports life and makes economic activity possible

30
Q

Nutrients

A

elements and compounds that organisms consume and require for survival

31
Q

Nutrient Cycles/ Biogeochemical Cycles

A

the cycle in which nutrients move through the ecosystem

32
Q

Pool/Reservoir

A

a location in which nutrients in a biogeochemical remain for a period of time before moving to another one

33
Q

Residence Time

A

the amount of time a nutrient is in one place

34
Q

Flux

A

the rate at which materials move between reservoirs

35
Q

Source

A

when a reservoir releases more materials than it accepts

36
Q

Sink

A

When a reservoir accepts more than it releases

37
Q

Water Cycle/Hydrologic Cycle

A

how water (in liquid, solid, or gas) flows through our environment

38
Q

Evaporation

A

the conversion of liquid to gaseous form

39
Q

Transpiration

A

the release of water vapr by plants through their leaves

40
Q

Preciptation

A

when water vapor condenses and falls as rain or snow

41
Q

Runoff

A

water from precipitation that flows into streams, rivers, lakes, etc.

42
Q

Aquifiers

A

underground reservoirs

43
Q

Groundwater

A

water found underground beneath layers of soil

44
Q

Water Table

A

the upper limit of ground water held in a n aquifer

45
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

the routes that carbon atoms take though the environment

46
Q

Nitrification

A

the process where ammonium ions are first converted into nitrite ions then to nitrate ions

47
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

the process where inert nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonium

48
Q

Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria

A

bacteria that lives in a mutualistic relationship with many plants, giving them nutrients by converting nitrogen to a usable form

49
Q

Denitrifying Bacteria

A

bacteria that converts nitrates in soil/water to gaseous nitrogen

50
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

a major nutrient cycle consisting of the routes that nitrogen atoms take through the nested networks of environmental systems

51
Q

Haber-Bosch Process

A

combing nitrogen and hydrogen gases to synthesize ammonium

52
Q

Phosphorus Cycle

A

a major nutrient cycle consisting of the routes that phosphorus atoms take through the nested networks of environmental systems

Semester 1 (23 decks)

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