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Semester 1 > APES Chapter 4 > Flashcards

APES Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Phytoplankton

A

microscopic photosynthetic algae, protists, and cyanobacteria that drift in open water

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2
Q

Zooplankton

A

tiny aquatic animals that eat phytoplankton

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3
Q

competition

A

multiple organisms seeking the same, limited resource

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4
Q

Intraspective competition

A

competitive interactions between members of the same species

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5
Q

Interspective competition

A

competitive interactions between two or more different species

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6
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

one species is a very effective competitor and excludes another specie from a resource completely

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7
Q

Species coexistence

A

neither competitor fully excludes the other , so they live side by side

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8
Q

Fundamental niche

A

the full niche of a species

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9
Q

Realized niche

A

the portion of its fundamental that is actually fulfilled

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10
Q

Resource partitioning

A

dividing the resources a species uses in common by specializing in different ways

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11
Q

Character displacement

A

competing species come to diverge in their physical characteristics because the evolution of traits best suited for the range of resources used

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12
Q

Predation

A

the relationship where one organism (the predator) hunt, capture, kill, and consume their prey

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

a relationship where one organism (the parasite) depends on the host for nourishment

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14
Q

Coevolution

A

long-term reciprocal process which two or more types of organisms repeatedly respond through natural selection to each other’s adaptions

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15
Q

Herbivory

A

when animals feed on the tissues of plants

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16
Q

Mutualism

A

two or more species benefit from interaction with one another

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17
Q

Symbiosis

A

relationship between species that live in close proximity

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18
Q

Pollination

A

an interact creatures transferring pollen from one flower to the ova

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19
Q

Amensalism

A

one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

one species that benefits and the other is unaffected

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21
Q

Community

A

an assemblage of populations of organisms living in the same area at the same time

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22
Q

Tropic Level

A

rank in the feeding hierarchy

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23
Q

Food Chain

A

a linear series of feeding relationships

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24
Q

Food web

A

a visual map of energy flow that uses arrows to show the many paths by which energy passes among organisms as they consume one another

25
Keystone species
a species that has a strong or wide-reaching impact far out of proportion to its abundance
26
Trophic cascade
predators at high trophic letter can can indirectly promote populations of organisms a a low trophic levels by keeping species at intermediate trophic levels in check
27
Resistance
a community that resists change and remains stable despite disturbance
28
Resilience
a community changes in response to disturbance but later changes back to its original state
29
Succession
a predictable series of changes or disturbances
30
Primary succession
a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains from the community that occupied that space
31
Secondary succession
a drastic disturbance that does not destroy all living things or organic matter in the soil, but still alters the community
32
Pioneer species
species that arrive first and colonize the new substrate
33
Phase shift (regime shift)
the overall character of a community fundamentally changes
34
Invasive species
a non-native species is introduced, prospers, and spreads wildly, becoming the dominant species
35
Restoration ecology
the study of historical conditions of ecological communities as they existed, before humans altered them
36
Ecological restoration
the actual on-the-ground efforts to carry out these visions and restore communities
37
Biome
a major regional complex of similar communities- a large scale ecological unit recognized primarily by its dominant plant type and vegetation structure
38
Climatographs
climate diagrams
39
Temperate deciduous forest
a biome consisting midlatitude forests with broad leaves, that fall of during the fall and are dormant in the winter
40
Temeperate grasslands
a biome who's vegetation is dominated by grasses and features more extreme weather conditions between winter and summer
41
Temperate rain forests
a biome consisting of tall coniferous trees that are cooler, less species-rich, milder, and wetter
42
Tropical rain forests
a biome consisting of year-round rain and uniformly warm temperatures, diverse, lush vegetation, and dark, damp interiors
43
Tropical dry forest
a biome consisting of deciduous trees and occurs at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes where wet and dry seasons span out about half the year
44
Savanna
tropical grasslands interspread with clusters of acacias and other trees
45
Desert
a biome that consists of very little rain, few vegetation, and varying temperatures
46
Tundra
a biome that consists of desert like qualitites but are in very high altitudes with freezing winters and cool summers
47
Permafrost
underground soil that becomes permanently frozen
48
Boreal forest
the northern coniferous forest, broad, continuous distribution
49
Desert
a biome that consists of very little rain, few vegetation, and varying temperatures
50
Tundra
a biome that consists of desert like qualitites but are in very high altitudes with freezing winters and cool summers
51
Permafrost
underground soil that becomes permanently frozen
52
Boreal forest
the northern coniferous forest
53
Desert
a biome that consists of very little rain, few vegetation, and varying temperatures
54
Tundra
a biome that consists of desert like qualitites but are in very high altitudes with freezing winters and cool summers
55
Permafrost
underground soil that becomes permanently frozen
56
Boreal forest
the northern coniferous forest
57
Chaparral
limited, small patches around the globe
58
Rainshadow
a region on one side of a mountain/range that has a more arid climate because as rain is released while going up, when it comes down, it has no more water

Semester 1 (23 decks)

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