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Semester 1 > APES Chapter 4 > Flashcards

APES Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Phytoplankton

A

microscopic photosynthetic algae, protists, and cyanobacteria that drift in open water

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2
Q

Zooplankton

A

tiny aquatic animals that eat phytoplankton

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3
Q

competition

A

multiple organisms seeking the same, limited resource

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4
Q

Intraspective competition

A

competitive interactions between members of the same species

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5
Q

Interspective competition

A

competitive interactions between two or more different species

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6
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

one species is a very effective competitor and excludes another specie from a resource completely

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7
Q

Species coexistence

A

neither competitor fully excludes the other , so they live side by side

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8
Q

Fundamental niche

A

the full niche of a species

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9
Q

Realized niche

A

the portion of its fundamental that is actually fulfilled

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10
Q

Resource partitioning

A

dividing the resources a species uses in common by specializing in different ways

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11
Q

Character displacement

A

competing species come to diverge in their physical characteristics because the evolution of traits best suited for the range of resources used

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12
Q

Predation

A

the relationship where one organism (the predator) hunt, capture, kill, and consume their prey

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13
Q

Parasitism

A

a relationship where one organism (the parasite) depends on the host for nourishment

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14
Q

Coevolution

A

long-term reciprocal process which two or more types of organisms repeatedly respond through natural selection to each other’s adaptions

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15
Q

Herbivory

A

when animals feed on the tissues of plants

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16
Q

Mutualism

A

two or more species benefit from interaction with one another

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17
Q

Symbiosis

A

relationship between species that live in close proximity

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18
Q

Pollination

A

an interact creatures transferring pollen from one flower to the ova

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19
Q

Amensalism

A

one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected

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20
Q

Commensalism

A

one species that benefits and the other is unaffected

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21
Q

Community

A

an assemblage of populations of organisms living in the same area at the same time

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22
Q

Tropic Level

A

rank in the feeding hierarchy

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23
Q

Food Chain

A

a linear series of feeding relationships

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24
Q

Food web

A

a visual map of energy flow that uses arrows to show the many paths by which energy passes among organisms as they consume one another

25
Q

Keystone species

A

a species that has a strong or wide-reaching impact far out of proportion to its abundance

26
Q

Trophic cascade

A

predators at high trophic letter can can indirectly promote populations of organisms a a low trophic levels by keeping species at intermediate trophic levels in check

27
Q

Resistance

A

a community that resists change and remains stable despite disturbance

28
Q

Resilience

A

a community changes in response to disturbance but later changes back to its original state

29
Q

Succession

A

a predictable series of changes or disturbances

30
Q

Primary succession

A

a disturbance so severe that no vegetation or soil life remains from the community that occupied that space

31
Q

Secondary succession

A

a drastic disturbance that does not destroy all living things or organic matter in the soil, but still alters the community

32
Q

Pioneer species

A

species that arrive first and colonize the new substrate

33
Q

Phase shift (regime shift)

A

the overall character of a community fundamentally changes

34
Q

Invasive species

A

a non-native species is introduced, prospers, and spreads wildly, becoming the dominant species

35
Q

Restoration ecology

A

the study of historical conditions of ecological communities as they existed, before humans altered them

36
Q

Ecological restoration

A

the actual on-the-ground efforts to carry out these visions and restore communities

37
Q

Biome

A

a major regional complex of similar communities- a large scale ecological unit recognized primarily by its dominant plant type and vegetation structure

38
Q

Climatographs

A

climate diagrams

39
Q

Temperate deciduous forest

A

a biome consisting midlatitude forests with broad leaves, that fall of during the fall and are dormant in the winter

40
Q

Temeperate grasslands

A

a biome who’s vegetation is dominated by grasses and features more extreme weather conditions between winter and summer

41
Q

Temperate rain forests

A

a biome consisting of tall coniferous trees that are cooler, less species-rich, milder, and wetter

42
Q

Tropical rain forests

A

a biome consisting of year-round rain and uniformly warm temperatures, diverse, lush vegetation, and dark, damp interiors

43
Q

Tropical dry forest

A

a biome consisting of deciduous trees and occurs at tropical and sub-tropical latitudes where wet and dry seasons span out about half the year

44
Q

Savanna

A

tropical grasslands interspread with clusters of acacias and other trees

45
Q

Desert

A

a biome that consists of very little rain, few vegetation, and varying temperatures

46
Q

Tundra

A

a biome that consists of desert like qualitites but are in very high altitudes with freezing winters and cool summers

47
Q

Permafrost

A

underground soil that becomes permanently frozen

48
Q

Boreal forest

A

the northern coniferous forest, broad, continuous distribution

49
Q

Desert

A

a biome that consists of very little rain, few vegetation, and varying temperatures

50
Q

Tundra

A

a biome that consists of desert like qualitites but are in very high altitudes with freezing winters and cool summers

51
Q

Permafrost

A

underground soil that becomes permanently frozen

52
Q

Boreal forest

A

the northern coniferous forest

53
Q

Desert

A

a biome that consists of very little rain, few vegetation, and varying temperatures

54
Q

Tundra

A

a biome that consists of desert like qualitites but are in very high altitudes with freezing winters and cool summers

55
Q

Permafrost

A

underground soil that becomes permanently frozen

56
Q

Boreal forest

A

the northern coniferous forest

57
Q

Chaparral

A

limited, small patches around the globe

58
Q

Rainshadow

A

a region on one side of a mountain/range that has a more arid climate because as rain is released while going up, when it comes down, it has no more water

Semester 1 (23 decks)

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