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Semester 1 > APES Chapter 3 > Flashcards

APES Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Species

A

a particular type of organism or a population or group of populations whose members share certain characterisitcs and can freely breed wiht one another and produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of a particular species that live in a particular area

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3
Q

Evolution

A

change over time, genetic change on populations of organisms acriss generations

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4
Q

Natural selection

A

the proess by which inherited characteristics that enhance survivial and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than to those that do not

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5
Q

Charles Darwin

A

idk

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6
Q

Alfred Russel Wallace

A

idk

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7
Q

Adaption

A

a trait that confers greater liklihood that a individual will reproduce

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8
Q

Adaptive trait

A

trait that promotes success

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9
Q

Mutations

A

accidental changes in the DNA

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10
Q

Artifical selection

A

the process of selection condcted under human direction

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11
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of llife across all levels of biological organization

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12
Q

Speciation

A

the process in which a newspecies is formed

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13
Q

Phylogenetic trees

A

tree like diagrams that respresent the historyof divergence

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14
Q

Fossil

A

an imprint in stone of a dead organism

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15
Q

Mass extintion events

A

events so large it kills off massive numbers of species at once

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16
Q

Biosphere

A

the cumulitive total of living things on earth and the areas the inhabit

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17
Q

Population ecology

A

examines the dynamics of population changs and the factors that effect the distribution and abundunce of member of a population

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18
Q

communities

A

a population made up of mutiple interacting species that live in the same area

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19
Q

Community ecology

A

patterns of species diversity and on interactions amoung species

20
Q

Ecosystems

A

communities and the nonliving material and forces with which their members interact

21
Q

Ecosysten ecology

A

reveals patterns by studying living and nonliving components of systems in conjunction

22
Q

Habitat

A

enviornment in which an organism lives in

23
Q

Habitat use

A

nonrandom patterns of organisms living in specific places

24
Q

Habitat selection

A

a process in which an organism selects their habitat

25
Q

Niche

A

a species’ use of resources and its functional role in the community

26
Q

Specialists

A

species with a very narrow niche and specific requirements

27
Q

Generalists

A

species with broad tolerances, able to use a wide array of resources

28
Q

Population size

A

number of individuals or organisms present at the given time

29
Q

Population density

A

the number of in a population per unit area

30
Q

Population distribution/dispersion

A

the spacial arrangement of organisms in an area

31
Q

Sex ratio

A

its proportion of males to females

32
Q

Age distribution/structure

A

the relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population

33
Q

Survivorship curves

A

graphs that show the liklihood of survival based on age

34
Q

Demographers

A

scientists who study human population

35
Q

Natural rate of population growth

A

(crude birth rate) - (crude death rate)

36
Q

Population growth rate

A

(crude birth rate - crude death rate) + (immigration rate - emmigration rate)

37
Q

Exponential growth

A

a slow and steady increase

38
Q

Limiting factors

A

physical, chemical, and biological things that restrain population growth

39
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the max population size a species in a given enviornment can sustain

40
Q

Logistic growth curve

A

rises sharply then begins to even out

41
Q

Density dependent

A

their influence rises and falls with population density

42
Q

Density-independent

A

their influence is not effected by population density

43
Q

K-selected

A

species that populations tend to stabilize over time near carrying capacity

44
Q

R-selected

A

soecies that have high biotic potential and devote their energy and resources to producing as many offspring as possible in a relatively short time

45
Q

Ecotourism

A

visitation of natural areas for tourism

Semester 1 (23 decks)

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