APES Chapter 3

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

a particular type of organism or a population or group of populations whose members share certain characterisitcs and can freely breed wiht one another and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

Population

Answer 2

a group of individuals of a particular species that live in a particular area

Question 3

Evolution

Answer 3

change over time, genetic change on populations of organisms acriss generations

Question 4

Natural selection

Answer 4

the proess by which inherited characteristics that enhance survivial and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than to those that do not

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

idk

Question 6

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 6

idk

Question 7

Adaption

Answer 7

a trait that confers greater liklihood that a individual will reproduce

Question 8

Adaptive trait

Answer 8

trait that promotes success

Question 9

Mutations

Answer 9

accidental changes in the DNA

Question 10

Artifical selection

Answer 10

the process of selection condcted under human direction

Question 11

Biodiversity

Answer 11

the variety of llife across all levels of biological organization

Question 12

Speciation

Answer 12

the process in which a newspecies is formed

Question 13

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 13

tree like diagrams that respresent the historyof divergence

Question 14

Fossil

Answer 14

an imprint in stone of a dead organism

Question 15

Mass extintion events

Answer 15

events so large it kills off massive numbers of species at once

Question 16

Biosphere

Answer 16

the cumulitive total of living things on earth and the areas the inhabit

Question 17

Population ecology

Answer 17

examines the dynamics of population changs and the factors that effect the distribution and abundunce of member of a population

Question 18

communities

Answer 18

a population made up of mutiple interacting species that live in the same area

Question 19

Community ecology

Answer 19

patterns of species diversity and on interactions amoung species

Question 20

Ecosystems

Answer 20

communities and the nonliving material and forces with which their members interact

Question 21

Ecosysten ecology

Answer 21

reveals patterns by studying living and nonliving components of systems in conjunction

Question 22

Habitat

Answer 22

enviornment in which an organism lives in

Question 23

Habitat use

Answer 23

nonrandom patterns of organisms living in specific places

Question 24

Habitat selection

Answer 24

a process in which an organism selects their habitat

Question 25

Niche

Answer 25

a species' use of resources and its functional role in the community

Question 26

Specialists

Answer 26

species with a very narrow niche and specific requirements

Question 27

Generalists

Answer 27

species with broad tolerances, able to use a wide array of resources

Question 28

Population size

Answer 28

number of individuals or organisms present at the given time

Question 29

Population density

Answer 29

the number of in a population per unit area

Question 30

Population distribution/dispersion

Answer 30

the spacial arrangement of organisms in an area

Question 31

Sex ratio

Answer 31

its proportion of males to females

Question 32

Age distribution/structure

Answer 32

the relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population

Question 33

Survivorship curves

Answer 33

graphs that show the liklihood of survival based on age

Question 34

Demographers

Answer 34

scientists who study human population

Question 35

Natural rate of population growth

Answer 35

(crude birth rate) - (crude death rate)

Question 36

Population growth rate

Answer 36

(crude birth rate - crude death rate) + (immigration rate - emmigration rate)

Question 37

Exponential growth

Answer 37

a slow and steady increase

Question 38

Limiting factors

Answer 38

physical, chemical, and biological things that restrain population growth

Question 39

Carrying capacity

Answer 39

the max population size a species in a given enviornment can sustain

Question 40

Logistic growth curve

Answer 40

rises sharply then begins to even out

Question 41

Density dependent

Answer 41

their influence rises and falls with population density

Question 42

Density-independent

Answer 42

their influence is not effected by population density

Question 43

K-selected

Answer 43

species that populations tend to stabilize over time near carrying capacity

Question 44

R-selected

Answer 44

soecies that have high biotic potential and devote their energy and resources to producing as many offspring as possible in a relatively short time

Question 45

Ecotourism

Answer 45

visitation of natural areas for tourism