AP World Era 4 Key Concept 4.2

Question 1

What increased and changed?

Examples?

Answer 1

Traditional peasant agriculture
Peasant labor intensified in many regions (Cotton textile production in India)
Slavery in Africa
Growth of the plantation economy
Colonial economies in the Americas depended on a range of coerced labor (Encomienda and Hacienda Systems)

Question 2

As new what and what changed, they also restructured new what, what, and what?
Examples?

Answer 2

social and political elites; ethnic, racial, and gender hierarchies
New political and economic elites (Urban commercial entrepreneurs in all major port cities in the world)
Power of existing political and economic elites fluctuated (The nobility in Europe)
Gender and family restructuring (The dependence on European men on Southeast Asian women for conducting trade in that region)
The massive demographic changes in the Americas resulted in new ethnic and racial classifications (Mulatto)