AP World Era 3 Key Concept 3.1

Question 1

What and what led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded geographical range of existing and newly active trade routes?
Examples?

Answer 1

Improved transportation technologies and commercial practices
Existing trade routes (The Silk Roads, The Mediterranean Sea, The Trans-Saharan, The Indian Ocean Basins)
Powerful new trading cities (Timbuktu)

Question 2

New trade centering on what and what?

Answer 2

Mesoamerica and Andes

Question 3

Growth of interregional trade in what (ex: spices), supported by innovations, including what? (ex: Caravanserai)
Examples?

Answer 3

Luxury goods; More sophisticated caravan organization
Compass
Astrolabe
Larger ships
New forms of credit and monetization (Bills of Exchange)

Question 4

What is commercial growth facilitated by?

Answer 4

State practices (Use of paper money)
Trading Organizations (Hanseatic League)
State-sponsored commercial infrastructures like the Grand Canal in China

Question 5

The expansion of what facilitated Trans-Eurasian what and what as new peoples were drawn to their conquerors’ what and what?
Examples?

Answer 5

empires; Trade and communication; Economies and trade networks
China
The Byzantine Empire
The Caliphates
The Mongols

Question 6

What caused environmental and linguistic effects?

Examples?

Answer 6

The movement of peoples
Long distance trade depends on environmental knowledge and technological adaptations (Vikings longships)
Significant environmental impact (Bantu-speaking peoples, polynesian peoples)
Diffusion of Languages (The spread of Bantu languages including Swahili)

Question 7

What were fostered by the intensification of existing, or the creation of new, networks of what and what?
Examples?

Answer 7

Cross-cultural exchanges; trade and communication
Islam-reflected interactions among Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians with local Arabian peoples (Muslim rule expanded to Afro-Eurasia via military expansion, merchants and missionaries)
Diasporic Communities (Sogdian merchant communities throughout central Asia)
Writings of Interregional Travelers (Marco Polo)
Diffusion of literary, artistic and cultural traditions (Toltec/Mexica and Inca traditions in Mesoamerica and Andean America)
Diffusion of scientific and technological traditions (The spread of printing and gunpowder technologies from East Asia into the Islamic Empires and Western Europe)

Question 8

There was continued diffusion of what and what throughout where along trade routes?
Examples?

Answer 8

Crops and pathogens; Eastern Hemisphere; trade routes
New foods and agricultural techniques (The spread of cotton, sugar and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean Basin)
Spread of epidemic diseases, including the Black Death