AP World Era 4 Key Concept 4.1

Question 1

New global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing trade networks that brought what and what to the merchants and governments in the trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and overland Eurasia

Answer 1

Prosperity and economic disruption

Question 2

European technological developments in what and what built on previous knowledge developed in the classical Islamic, and Asian worlds, and included the production of new tools, (ill ex: revised maps) innovations in ship design (ill ex: caravels), and an improved understanding of what and what – all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible

Answer 2

Cartography and navigations; global wind and current patterns

Question 3

New what occurrred?

Examples?

Answer 3

Transoceanic reconnaissance
Ming Admiral Zheng He
Portuguese development of a school for navigation led to global trading-post empire
Spanish sponsorship of the first Columbian and subsequent voyages
North Atlantic crossings for fishing and settlement
Oceania and Polynesia, established exchange and communication networks

Question 4

The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by what that took silver from where to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets, but regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using what and what developed by European merchants
Examples?

Answer 4

royal chartered European monopoly companies; Spanish colonies in the Americas; established commercial practices; shipping services
European merchants in Asia
Creation of a global economy
European control over domestic and colonial economies
Atlantic system

Question 5

The new connections between where resulted in the Columbian Exchange?
Examples?

Answer 5

the Eastern and Western hemispheres
European colonization and spread of diseases and vermin
American foods (Maize) became staple crops and cash crops (Sugar) were primarily grown on plantations with coerced labor
Afro-Eurasian fruit trees, grains, sugar, and domesticated animals (cattle) were brought by Europeans to the Americas, while other food were brought by African slaves (okra)
Populations in Afro-Eurasia benefited nutritionally from the increased diversity of American food crops
European colonization affected physical environment

Question 6

Increased interactions expanded the spread and reform of existing what?
Examples?

Answer 6

religions
Islam-split between Sunni and Shi’a traditions intensified, and Sufi practices became more widespread
Christian Reformation
Buddhism spread within Asia
Syncretic and new forms of religion developed (Vodun in the Caribbean)

Question 7

Emphasis on the what and what arts?

Examples?

Answer 7

Visual and performing
Innovations in visual and performing arts were seen all over the world (Wood block prints in Japan)
Literacy expanded and was accompanied by the proliferation of popular authors, literary forms, and works of literature in Afro-Eurasia (Sundiata)