AP World Era 3 Key Concept 3.3

Question 1

Innovations stimulated what and what in many regions?

Examples?

Answer 1

agricultural and industrial production
Increase agricultural production due to technological innovations (Waru Waru agricultural techniques in the Andean areas)
Increased demand in Afro-Eurasia for foreign luxury goods, crops transported
Chinese, Persian and Indian expand production of textiles and porcelains for export; industrial production of iron and steel expanded in China

Question 2

What varied greatly, with periods of what, and with periods of increased urbanization buoyed by what and what?
Factors of decline and urban revival?

Answer 2

The fate of cities; significant decline; rising productivity; expanding trade networks
While cities still played the role as governmental, religious and commercial centers many declined as others emerged to take on those established roles
(Invasions, Disease, Decline of agricultural productivity, The Little Ice Age)
(end of invasions, availability of safe and reliable transport, rise of commerce and warmer temperatures between 800-1300, increased agricultural productivity and subsequent rising population, greater availability of labor also contributed to urban growth)

Question 3

Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in what and in the effect of what on what in the family?

Answer 3

Labor management; religious conversion; gender relations
As in the previous period, there were many forms of labor organization (Free Peasant Agriculture, Nomadic pastoralism, Craft production and guild organization, Various forms of coerced and unfree labor, Government – imposed labor taxes, Military obligations)
As in previous periods, social structures were shaped by class and caste hierarchies (Patriarchy persisted, Women exercise more power and influence, most notably among the Mongols, in West Africa, Japan and SE Asia)
New forms of coerced labor appear (serfdom in Europe and Japan, Mit’a in the Inca Empire, Free peasants resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts (China), Demand for slaves increased, particularly in Eurasia, parts of Africa and E. Med.)
The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and Neo-Confucianism often led to significant changes in gender relations and family structure