AP Psychology: DSM-5 Disorders Flashcards
Mild Intellectual Disability
IQ: 50-70
Slower in all areas of conceptual development and social and daily living skills. These individuals can learn practical life skills, which allows them to function in ordinary life with minimal levels of support.
Moderate Intellectual Disability
IQ: 35-49
Have fair communication skills, but cannot typically communicate on complex levels. They may have difficulty in social situations and problems with social cues and judgment. These people can care for themselves but might need more instruction and support than the typical person.
Severe Intellectual Disability
IQ: 20-34
These people can only communicate on the most basic levels. They cannot perform all self-care activities independently and need daily supervision and support.
Profound Intellectual Disability
IQ: Less than 20
Require round-the-clock support and care. They depend on others for all aspects of day-to-day life and have extremely limited communication ability. Frequently, people in this category have other physical limitations as well.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests. They have a thinner temporal cortex (an area associated with processing sounds and speech). All areas of the cerebral cortex are generally affected
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
People with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors, or be overly active. Studies of people with ADHD found smaller brain volume in certain areas, some of which control emotional response and impulse control
Motor Disorders
A group of nervous system (neurological) conditions that cause either increased movements or reduced or slow movements. Common motor disorders include essential tremor, restless legs syndrome, Tourette’s and Parkinson’s disease. There may be atrophy (disintegration) of certain parts of the brain associated with movement (motor cortex)
Tourette’s Disorder
A disorder that involves repetitive movements or unwanted sounds (tics) that can’t be easily controlled. There may be defects in the basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cortex and circuits that connect these regions. Neurotransmitters responsible for communication (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) between nerve cells may be defective
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Intellectual Disability (mild, moderate, severe, profound)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Motor Disorders (e.g. Tourette’s Disorder)
Delirium
Amental state in which you are confused, disoriented, and not able to think or remember clearly. It usually starts suddenly and is often temporary and treatable. It can be caused by serious medical illness such as infections, certain medications, and other causes like drug withdrawal or intoxication
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
A new term for dementia. An acquired deficit in your ability to think that’s severe enough to impact your daily functioning. Neurocognitive disorders can lead to cognitive deficits in various domains involving attention, memory, language, or social skills, for instance. It is generally caused by aging.
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Goes beyond normal issues of aging. It describes a level of cognitive decline that requires compensatory strategies and accommodations to help maintain independence and perform activities of daily living.
Neurocognitive Disorders
- Delirium
- Major Neurocognitive Disorder
- Minor Neurocognitive Disorder
Insomnia Disorder
A common sleep disorder characterized by trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. It is often caused by stress and anxiety, a poor sleeping environment, and lifestyle factors like jet lag, and shift work
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder that makes people very drowsy during the day. People with narcolepsy find it hard to stay awake for long periods of time and fall asleep suddenly. This can cause serious problems in their daily routine. Often caused by a lack of the brain chemical hypocretin (also known as orexin), which regulates wakefulness.
Sleep Apnea
A potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. Anything that could narrow your airway such as obesity, large tonsils, or changes in your hormone levels can increase your risk for obstructive sleep apnea
Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Insomnia Disorder
- Narcolepsy
- Sleep Apnea
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorder
Include disorders of arousal: confusional arousals, sleepwalking, and sleep terrors. They are considered partially asleep and partially awake during episodes. It can be caused by disrupted sleep, genetic factors, or other neurological diseases like Parkinson’s.
Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)
To walk around and perform other actions while asleep. It often runs in families and is most common in children. It can also be caused by stress, sleep deprivation, certain medications, breathing disorders, neurological conditions
Sleep Terror Disorder
A sleep disorder in which a person quickly awakens from sleep in a terrified state. The cause is unknown but night terrors are often triggered by fever, lack of sleep or periods of emotional tension, stress or conflict.
Nightmare Disorder
A pattern of repeated frightening and vivid dreams that affects your quality of life. It ranges from mild to severe and can be short-term or chronic. It can be caused by stress, anxiety, trauma, sleep deprivation, or some medications
Parasomnia
- Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorder
- Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)
- Sleep Terror Disorder
- Nightmare Disorder
Substance Use Disorders
A treatable mental disorder that affects a person’s brain and behavior, leading to their inability to control their use of substances like legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, or medications.
Substance Intoxication Disorders
Details the symptoms that people experience when they are under the influence of drugs. They include marijuana intoxication, cocaine intoxication, and heroin intoxication
Substance Withdrawal Disorders
A term used to describe the physical and mental symptoms that a person has when they suddenly stop or cut back the use of an addictive substance, such as opiates and opioids, nicotine products, or alcohol. Caused by dependence, which is the body’s normal physiological adaptation to the sustained presence of a substance
Non-Substance Related Disorders
A disorder that includes pathological gambling, food addiction, internet addiction, and mobile phone addiction.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by restriction of food intake leading to low body weight, typically accompanied by an intense fear of gaining weight and disturbed perception of body weight and image.
The exact cause of anorexia is unknown
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- Substance Use Disorders
- Substance Intoxication Disorders
- Substance Withdrawal Disorders
- Non-Substance Related Disorders
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by regular, often secretive bouts of overeating followed by self-induced vomiting or purging, strict dieting, or extreme exercise, associated with persistent and excessive concern with body weight. Weight often stays within normal ranges
Binge-Eating Disorder
A disorder where people Frequently consume unusually large amounts of food in one sitting and feel that their eating behavior is out of control. They are often overweight
Pica
An eating disorder where a person compulsively eats things that aren’t food and don’t have any nutritional value or purpose. People who show signs of pica often have mineral or other deficiencies in their diet
Feeding and Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Bulimmia Nervosa
- Binge-Eating Disorder
- Pica
Conduct Disorder
A group of behavioral and emotional problems characterized by a disregard for others and aggressive behavior. They fight against being controlled and try to control others. Its causes include brain damage, child abuse or neglect, genetic vulnerability, school failure, and traumatic life experiences.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
A disorder in a child marked by defiant and disobedient behavior toward authority figures. They resist being controlled. It tends to occur in families with a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders, or mood disorders
Pyromania
An impulse disorder where people cannot resist the urge to set fires. Pyromania may be related to other mental disorders, such as addiction, anxiety, or depression
Kleptomania
An impulse control disorder that results in an irresistible urge to steal. The cause of kleptomania remains unknown but risk factors include a family history of kleptomania or other impulse control disorders. It occurs more often in women.
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
- Conduct Disorder
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Pyromania
- Kleptomania
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder
Also known as complicated grief. Causes sufferers to feel an extreme yearning for a deceased loved one, usually over a prolonged period. Feelings of longing are often accompanied by destructive thoughts and behaviors, as well as general impairment in resuming normal life.
Caffeine Use Disorder
A problematic pattern of caffeine consumption characterized by a persistent desire to cut down or control use of the substance along with unsuccessful efforts to do so despite problems caused or worsened by caffeine. Symptoms include headache, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and dysphoric mood
Internet Gaming Disorder
Continuous and repeated involvement with video games, often leading to significant daily, work and/or educational disruptions.
Neurobehavioral Disorder Due to Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Results due to prenatal alcohol exposure. Symptoms include issues with thinking and memory, where the child may have trouble planning or may forget material he or she has already learned. Behavior problems, such as severe tantrums, mood issues (for example, irritability), and difficulty shifting attention from one task to another.
Suicidal Behavior Disorder
A spectrum of behavior from a suicide attempt and preparatory behaviors to completed suicide
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
A self-inflicted act that causes pain or superficial damage but is not intended to cause death. Although the methods used sometimes overlap with those of suicide attempts (eg, cutting the wrists with a razor blade), nonsuicidal self-injury is distinct from suicide.
